变构型桁架式卫星平台结构设计与性能评价

为实现大型通信卫星内部有效载荷维修可达,根据传统卫星平台的框架结构和承力结构,设计了6种可重复变构型桁架式卫星平台构型.提出评价变构型卫星平台性能的主要指标,包括结构质量、惯量变化率、整流罩面积利用率、展开表面积比、展收状态下振动频率、设备布局影响和折展机构复杂度等.分析6种变构型桁架式卫星平台构型的上述性能指标,采用层析分析法得到各个性能指标的权重,基于模糊综合评价法优选出综合性能较佳的构型.根据空间机构多闭环自由度计算公式计算出优选构型折展机构自由度为1,该折展机构具有唯一确定的运动.完成了优选构型的结构设计,并制作3D打印模型演示了变构型过程,卫星平台原理上可实现可重复变构型的功能.     

Streamlining the Development Approval Process in a Post–Level of Service Los Angeles

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Local governments across the United States have for decades relied on the autocentric level of service (LOS) metric to analyze and impose exactions for the transportation impacts of land use developments. In California, LOS has dominated transportation impact analysis under the state’s project-level environmental review law. In that role, LOS has exacerbated the state’s notoriously tortuous development approval processes, particularly in urban areas. But LOS is on its way out. The state recently replaced LOS with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as the primary measure—and basis for mitigation—of transportation impacts under the California Environmental Quality Act. Local governments must make the switch by July 1, 2020. We use a historical counterfactual approach to assess how replacing LOS with VMT could have affected the approval process for 153 land development projects over 16?years in the city of Los Angeles. We find that most projects could have benefited from at least some environmental review streamlining under the VMT-based framework recommended by the state, including more than 75% of residential-containing projects.

Takeaway for practice: Our results suggest that swapping LOS for VMT could reduce the environmental review burden for development in low-VMT urban areas and provide at least some of the approval process streamlining necessary to increase housing production in California. Similar impacts from an LOS-to-VMT switch could also potentially accrue outside of California under the right conditions, but more research is needed.     

Building Model as a Service to support geosciences

Modeling is a fundamental methodology for simulating the past, understanding the present and predicting the future of the geospatial systems and phenomena. However, modeling in the geospatial science poses several challenges, including complex model setup, repetition in model setup, requirement for large, scalable computing resources, and management of a large amount of model output. To address these challenges, we propose Model as a Service (MaaS) by leveraging the latest advancement of cloud computing. MaaS enables various geoscience models to be published as services, and these services can be accessed through a simple web interface. MaaS automates the processes of configuring machines, setting up and running models, and managing model outputs. The computing resources are automatically provisioned by MaaS in a cloud environment. A proof-of-concept MaaS prototype is presented using a global climate change model (ModelE). Experimental results show that the MaaS prototype significantly simplifies model setup, accelerates model simulation and enhances model output by providing a web-based, on-demand, scalable modeling environment.     

Dynamic adaptation of service compositions with variability models

Web services run in complex contexts where arising events may compromise the quality of the whole system. Thus, it is desirable to count on autonomic mechanisms to guide the self-adaptation of service compositions according to changes in the computing infrastructure. One way to achieve this goal is by implementing variability constructs at the language level. However, this approach may become tedious, difficult to manage, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose a solution based on a semantically rich variability model to support the dynamic adaptation of service compositions. When a problematic event arises in the context, this model is leveraged for decision-making. The activation and deactivation of features in the variability model result in changes in a composition model that abstracts the underlying service composition. These changes are reflected into the service composition by adding or removing fragments of Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) code, which can be deployed at runtime. In order to reach optimum adaptations, the variability model and its possible configurations are verified at design time using Constraint Programming. An evaluation demonstrates several benefits of our approach, both at design time and at runtime.     

Enhancing Virtual Reference: Techniques and Technologies to Engage Users and Enrich Interaction

Virtual reference service has become ubiquitous in academic libraries. The increased adoption of chat technology brings to light some of the challenges of providing high-quality reference service. The lack of a personal connection, increased transaction time, and technical problems are often cited. Techniques, such as conducting a reference interview or using online communication conventions, can make virtual reference as effective as face-to-face reference. Additionally, inclusion of video or Web annotation in the virtual reference session can add an element of personalization that might otherwise be missing. Virtual reference can be an emotionally rich, engaging, and effective form of reference service if these techniques and technologies are adopted.     

Optimal channel coordination in use-based product-service system contracts

Nowadays, service economy efficiencies are key to keep competitiveness and increase market advantages. The development of Product-Service Systems (PSS) can be an interesting strategy as they seek to improve the business performance of all the participants in the value chain. This paper proposes a novel reliability-based reward scheme for use-oriented PSS contracts. In a PSS instead of paying for the product, the client pays a fee for its performance. The contribution of this work to the existing literature is to provide a quantitative tool for the development of a use-oriented PSS contract based on non-repairable component reliability and risk sharing. It can be extended to other performance metrics such as availability and reliability. A well designed PSS achieves a mutual growth agreement for the client and the supplier if it aligns their interests through channel coordination. This is achieved by balancing the improvement in the expected cost and profit for the client and the supplier, respectively. The improvement is measured with respect to a baseline scenario where no PSS contract exists. The methodology is tested using a case study that analyses mining haul truck tires. The results show a significant overall improvement in the main key performance indicators and environmental impact of the value chain.     

云制造环境下服务监管角色的评估与选择

为加强对云制造环境下服务模式的监管,在分析概括已有三类制造服务模式的基础上,从安全性的角度考虑,提出一种基于可信第三方监管的云制造服务模式,并针对第三方监管角色的评估与选择问题,从三个维度构建其可信评估指标体系,采用网络分析法进行计算。通过实例分析了云制造环境下可信第三方服务监管角色评估与选择的具体过程。     

从一例事故对电气安全触点的探讨

通过一起杂物电梯门故障而引发伤人事故的鉴定,深入调查与分析了门触点故障的原因,并引出电梯检验规则所要求门触点必须使用安全触点,并不能由其他电气触点所代替的重要原因。