The influence of the preparing conditions of SiO2 supported Cp2ZrCl2 catalyst on ethylene polymerization

In this work, ethylene was polymerized by using Cp₂ZrCl₂ supported on silica pretreated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as the catalyst system. The influence of the conditions for the preparation of the heterogeneous catalyst, such as temperature, washing method of the catalytic solid, MAO and metallocene concentration in the support treatment, time of MAO, and metallocene immobilization on the support, type of alkylaluminum used in the support pretreatment, and calcination temperature of the support were investigated. Aluminum and zirconium content fixed on the silica surface were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Polymer characteristics were determined by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results, the activity of some supported catalysts were far higher than with the homogeneous system. Moreover, polyethylene with very high molecular weights were also obtained and with molecular weight distribution larger than those produced with the homogeneous precursor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2054–2061, 2002     

负载钛酸酯催化剂催化合成己二酸二异辛酯

聚乙烯醇与四氯化钛在二甲基亚砜和无水乙醇的混合溶剂中反应，制得负载钛酸酯催化剂PVAC-1，用红外光谱对其进行了表征。结果表明：合成中投入3g聚乙烯醇，3mL四氯化钛时，过程容易控制，且催化剂的活性已达很高。确定了在PVAC-1催化作用下，合成己二酸二异辛酯的最佳反应条件及结果：即200℃～210℃下，加入0.3g催化剂，0．1mol己二酸与0．3mol异辛醇反应60min后，己二酸的转化率可达99．7％，PVAC-1重复使用16次后，己二酸的转化率仍保持在96％以匕。     

Molecular weight distribution of polyethylene catalyzed by Ziegler–Natta catalyst supported on MgCl2 doped with AlCl3

Ti‐based Ziegler–Natta catalysts supported on MgCl₂ doped with AlCl₃ were prepared by the reaction of MgCl₂/AlCl₃–ethanol adduct with TiCl₄. No AlCl₃ crystallites were found in the AlCl₃‐doped catalysts by WAXD analysis, suggesting that AlCl₃/MgCl₂ solid solution was formed. The effect of doping on the catalyst performance in ethylene polymerization was investigated. The results showed that the catalysts based on AlCl₃‐doped MgCl₂ support exhibited a slightly higher activity than did the MgCl₂‐supported catalyst and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyethylene (PE) markedly increased (from 10.8 to 47.9) with the increase of AlCl₃ content in catalysts. The changes in catalyst's active center distribution were studied based on nonlinear fitting of the polymer GPC curves by multiple Flory functions. It was found that increase of types of active centers by introducing AlCl₃ into the support should be responsible for the broadening of MWD of PE. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1768–1772, 2006     

蒽醌法生产过氧化氢研究进展

过氧化氢是一种重要的无机化工产品，在工业上有着广泛的应用。而蒽醌法以其相对成熟的工艺成为当今世界过氧化氢的主要生产方法。综述了近些年来蒽醌法生产过氧化氢在工作液、氢化催化剂、氧化过程等方面的进展情况，并对其发展方向作一展望。     

自重施加方式对高拱坝廊道结构应力及配筋的影响

自重工况一般是高拱坝内廊道配筋设计的控制工况,由于高拱坝施工过程的特殊性及复杂性,有限元计算中自重有多种施加方式。结合工程实例,对高拱坝基础廊道结构进行三维有限元分析,比较不同自重施加方式对廊道结构应力及配筋的影响。研究结果表明:按整体自重考虑时,廊道结构应力及配筋面积明显偏小;全部按分缝自重考虑时,廊道结构应力及配筋面积明显大于按施工过程考虑自重的结果;为符合实际施工过程及结构承载规律,保证结构安全及经济合理,在拱坝结构的有限元计算中应按照施工过程考虑自重荷载。该研究成果对泄洪孔结构的应力分析也具有参考价值。     

固载型杂多酸催化剂研究进展

介绍了固载型杂多酸的制备、表征及其表面作用机理。着重综述了近年来活性炭、SiO2、TiO2、MCM 41分子筛、γ Al2O3、TiO2 Al2O3、阳离子交换树脂、惰性膜、USY 1、ZrO2 SO2 4和TiO2 WO3等各种固载型杂多酸催化剂在国内外的研究和应用情况,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

斜拉桥预应力混凝土索塔锚固结构受力性能分析

为了研究U形与直线预应力束混合布置索塔锚固结构的受力特性,以国内某姊妹塔斜拉桥的菱形桥塔为例,采用通用有限元程序建立索塔锚固结构的节段有限元模型,分析索塔锚固结构在预应力荷载与斜拉索水平力共同作用下的受力情况。结果表明:在索塔锚固结构中采用U形与直线预应力束混合布置能较好的满足设计要求,使锚固区整体处于较为合理的压力状态之下,除局部的应力集中外,基本消除了斜拉索作用下顺桥向塔柱的拉应力;在齿块与塔柱内壁的结合处存在应力集中现象,应当引起足够的重视,施工时应严格控制施工质量。     

基于NB35047-2015规范的锦屏拱坝抗震复核

能源行业标准《水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范》(NB35047-2015)已于2015年9月1日颁布实施。介绍了依据该规范开展的锦屏一级高拱坝抗震安全复核工作。主要内容包括:基于设定地震的场地相关设计反应谱研究;采用动力拱梁分载法、线弹性有限元法和非线性有限元法,进行设计和最大可信地震作用下的应力和坝肩岩体动力稳定分析;在选定的人工地震波基础上,采用以基岩峰值加速度在设计地震基础上比例放大的方式,进行大坝地基系统在超设计地震荷载下的地震超载能力分析。复核分析表明,锦屏一级高拱坝具有较高的抗震潜力;设计地震和最大可信地震作用下,坝体抗压强度安全满足现行抗震规范要求,且抗压强度安全有较大安全裕度,坝体拉应力基本未超过混凝土容许的应力范围,仅局部应力集中部位拉应力较大,能满足校核地震作用下"不溃坝"的设防要求。     

可伸缩铰支管接头简介

本文指出了埋入地下的刚性管接头连接的管道易出现的问题及为解决这些问题而发明的可伸缩铰支管接头的特点及结构。     

指数曲线贮仓的设计剖析

贮仓是许多工业过程中的常用设备，起拱是贮仓使用时常出现的故障，如何解决起拱问题是贮仓设计的关键，除常采取增大仓壁倾角、设置破拱装置等方法外，设计成曲线贮仓也是行之有效的措施之一。分析了指数曲线贮仓的工作原理和特点，建立了仓壁指数曲线方程，阐述了设计步骤与注意事项，并举例说明。