Physicochemical characteristics and leachability of scale and sludge from Bulalo geothermal system, Philippines

Scale and sludge from Bulalo geothermal field, Philippines, have been characterized by whole rock analysis, radioactivity counting, size analysis, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Their leachability was assessed by regulatory leaching procedures and by sequential extraction. Both scale and sludge consisted mostly of oxides of Si, Al, and Fe with no radionuclides detected. The scale had 10% S content. Sulfides and silicates were important phases in both samples having size ranges from submicron to 2 mm. Geothermal soils at Bulalo have higher than normal soil levels of As, S, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb but regulatory leaching tests indicated that these elements are not released. However, the sequential extraction showed that As, Cu, and Zn were leachable under extreme conditions.     

锁相技术在电子束曝光机工件台稳速控制中的应用

采用锁相技术，对电子束曝光机工件台运动实现速度环的全数字控制。设计了数字差频积分回路和数字差频比例控制器，能有效消除速度的静态误差和改善系统的动态特性。     

Influence of synergists: The influence of hydroperoxide decomposers on phenolic inhibitors consumption in oxidized polypropylene

The influence of sulphur‐ and phosphorum‐containing substances (hydroperoxide decomposers) on the kinetics of the consumption of two phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene (PP) was studied. The induction periods of PP autoxidation at 130°C were measured in the presence of inhibiting compositions that consisted of phenolic inhibitors and decomposers of hydroperoxide. Obtained results indicated that the influence of the hydroperoxide decomposer became significant when the concentration of the phenolic antioxidant became close to critical value. It also was shown that the efficiency of the hydroperoxide decomposer significantly depended on the mechanism of the transformation of the phenolic inhibitor; and first of all on the nature of its transformation products. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2239–2243, 2002     

SBR工艺污泥膨胀的纠正方法

在对国内外有关资料的研究基础上，介绍了几种应对SBR反应池内污泥膨胀的措施。着重叙述了氯化法和无机合成絮凝剂法的应用注意点及如何定量运用这两种方法，同时给出了相应的工程实例。     

砼坝裂缝稳定性分析

通过比较线弹性断裂力学中的两种计算应力强度因子的方法，外推法和奇异单元法，得到相应的结论；并以某砼坝下游部位出现裂缝为例，分析在不利荷载作用下裂缝的稳定性。     

二氧化氯处理油田回注水工艺

针对中原油田回注水中细菌易产生抗药性,难以控制的问题,提出了应用二氧化氯处理油田回注水工艺。经室内评价及现场试验,二氧化氯可杀死回注水中的细菌,控制微生物生长,同时该工艺可降低现有回注水污泥残渣产出量的50%,减少污泥对环境的污染,提高注水水质。     

吐哈油田钻井液技术发展综述

以钻井液体系应用的广泛性为标准 ,将吐哈油田钻井液技术发展分为四个阶段 ,即聚合物和新三磺钻井液阶段、两性离子聚合物和聚磺钻井液阶段、聚磺和正电胶钻井液阶段、低钾聚合物和聚磺钻井液阶段。详细介绍了每一阶段钻井液技术的核心及发展情况。     

G104-5P42分支水平井钻井液工艺技术

G104-5P42井是在高尚堡G104-5区块构造较高部位部署的一口重点开发井，也是冀东油田第一口鱼骨型水平分支井，钻探目的是开发高浅北区Ng12油层，挖掘高浅北区井间剩余油潜力。该井主井眼斜深为2388m，水平位移为736．42m，水平段长243m，第一分支斜深为2342m，水平段长120．25m，水平位移为682．14m，第二分支斜深为2421m，水平段长117m，水平位移为761．73m。三开选用无固相甲酸盐聚合醇钻井液，在钻进油气层前加入GN-YBJ-I保护剂。应用结果表明，无固相甲酸盐聚合醇钻井液具有好的防塌能力和润滑减阻效果，性能稳定、黏度、切力较低，有利于减少环空压力损耗；在油气层段密度控制在1．08g／cm^3以内，为近年来同区块密度使用最低井，减小了有害固相及滤液对储层的伤害密度，经测试该井获高产油流；该井全井平均机械钻速为15．09m／h，钻井周期比原设计提前15d。该体系的配制及维护成本较高，适宜在目的层井段使用，但可回收再利用。     

含油污泥焦化处理实验研究

采用焦化方法对含油污泥进行处理。经过筛选选取活性白土作为焦化处理催化剂,分别研究了反应时间、反应温度、氮气吹扫量、加热速率等因素对处理效果的影响。4个影响因素对液相油品收率的影响顺序为:氮气吹扫量>反应温度>反应时间>加热速率;对反应转化率的影响顺序为:反应温度>反应时间>氮气吹扫量>加热速率。较为理想的反应参数:反应温度490℃;反应时间60min;氮气吹扫量90mL.min-1;加热速率4℃.min-1。在此反应条件下,含油污泥液相油品收率>80%,反应转化率>99.9%,经焦化处理后的废渣含油率<3‰,达到农用污泥排放标准,实现了达标排放和回收资源的目的。     

发育有切割井眼结构面的井壁稳定性评价研究

切割井眼结构面的存在弱化了井壁的稳定性，常规完整井眼的井壁稳定分析理论已不能完全适用于受结构面切割的井眼。基于摩尔-库仑理论，在分析结构面应力状态的基础上，给出了井眼受结构面切割的井壁稳定性评价方法，并研究分析了结构面产状对井壁失稳的影响。结果表明，井壁的稳定性与原地应力状态、结构面产状以及结构面的力学性质有关，在其它因素一定的情况下，结构面的走向与倾角对井壁的稳定与失稳方位有着较大的影响。因此，准确评价结构面产出状态是提高井壁稳定性评价精度的前提。