黄河淤积粉土的两种复合稳定方案与性能对比

为探索路基工程中黄河淤积粉土的稳定技术和性能保障方案,针对德州齐河县境内的黄河淤积粉土,在乳化沥青复合稳定粉土(AE稳定土)的研究基础上,采用无机/有机复合材料制备出一种复合固化剂(FG固化剂),研究了AE稳定土和FG稳定土2种稳定方案下粉土的抗压强度性质、水稳定性和抗冻融能力;结合XRD、SEM表征技术,探讨了FG固化剂的稳定机理。研究认为,FG固化剂稳定土较AE稳定土有着更高的无侧限抗压强度、回弹模量和承载能力,水稳定性良好,在抗冻融能力上有着比AE稳定土更好的效果。XRD与SEM分析表明,FG固化剂提供了活性矿物质,其复合胶凝效应和填充增强保障了粉土的抗压强度,高分子物质起到粘结颗粒界面、填塞孔隙的作用,降低了内部孔隙率;两者造成土体的最大干密度变大;与AE稳定土的稳定机理不同。FG固化剂的使用为黄河粉土的稳定和工程应用提供了参考方法。     

On the backstepping design procedure for multiple input nonlinear systems

In a recent paper, we developed a structural decomposition for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems that are affine in control but otherwise general. In this paper, we exploit the structural properties of such a decomposition in the application of the backstepping design technique on multiple input nonlinear systems. In particular, this decomposition simplifies the conventional backstepping design and motivates new backstepping design procedures that are able to stabilize systems on which the conventional backstepping procedure is not applicable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust stability and stabilization of discrete singular systems with interval time-varying delay and linear fractional uncertainty

The robust stability and robust stabilization problems for discrete singular systems with interval time-varying delay and linear fractional uncertainty are discussed. A new delay-dependent criterion is established for the nominal discrete singular delay systems to be regular, causal and stable by employing the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. It is shown that the newly proposed criterion can provide less conservative results than some existing ones. Then, with this criterion, the problems of robust stability and robust stabilization for uncertain discrete singular delay systems are solved, and the delay-dependent LMI conditions are obtained. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the e?ectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Stabilization of impulsive hybrid systems using quantized input and output feedback

In this paper, we consider the feedback stabilization of impulsive control systems with quantized input and output signals. To study the problem, the notions of quasi‐invariant sets and attracting sets for impulsive systems with quantization are introduced first, and then applied to the control design. Hybrid quantized control schemes are proposed to stabilize the considered impulsive linear or nonlinear systems via either input or output feedback. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulations are given to show the principle and effectiveness of the proposed designs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Exponential stabilization of uncertain time‐delay linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters

This paper studies the exponential stabilization problem of uncertain time‐delay linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters. A novel delay decomposition approach is developed to derive delay‐dependent conditions under which the closed‐loop control system is mean square exponentially stable for all admissible uncertainties. It is shown that the feedback gain matrices and the decay rate can be obtained by solving coupled linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the difficulties arising from searching for tuning parameters in the existing methods are overcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Multiple Na,K-ATPase Subunits Colocalize in the Brush Border of Mouse Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells

(1) Background: The unusual accumulation of Na,K-ATPase complexes in the brush border membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells have intrigued researchers for decades. However, the full range of the expressed Na,K-ATPase subunits and their relation to the microvillus cytoskeleton remains unknown. (2) Methods: RT-PCR analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, native PAGE, mass spectrometry, and differential centrifugation were combined with high-resolution immunofluorescence histochemistry, proximity ligase assays, and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy on mouse choroid plexus cells or tissues in order to resolve these issues. (3) Results: The choroid plexus epithelium expresses Na,K-ATPase subunits α1, α2, β1, β2, β3, and phospholemman. The α1, α2, β1, and β2, subunits are all localized to the brush border membrane, where they appear to form a complex. The ATPase complexes may stabilize in the brush border membrane via anchoring to microvillar actin indirectly through ankyrin-3 or directly via other co-precipitated proteins. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) may form part of the proposed multi-protein complexes in contrast to another membrane protein, the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1). NKCC1 expression seems necessary for full brush border membrane accumulation of the Na,K-ATPase in the choroid plexus. (4) Conclusion: A multitude of Na,K-ATPase subunits form molecular complexes in the choroid plexus brush border, which may bind to the cytoskeleton by various alternative actin binding proteins.     

Myopathy-Sensitive G-Actin Segment 227-235 Is Involved in Salt-Induced Stabilization of Contacts within the Actin Filament

Formation of stable actin filaments, critically important for actin functions, is determined by the ionic strength of the solution. However, not much is known about the elements of the actin fold involved in ionic-strength-dependent filament stabilization. In this work, F-actin was destabilized by Cu²⁺ binding to Cys374, and the effects of solvent conditions on the dynamic properties of F-actin were correlated with the involvement of Segment 227-235 in filament stabilization. The results of our work show that the presence of Mg²⁺ at the high-affinity cation binding site of Cu-modified actin polymerized with MgCl₂ strongly enhances the rate of filament subunit exchange and promotes the filament instability. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl, the filament subunit exchange was 2–3-fold lower than that in the MgCl₂-polymerized F-actin. This effect correlates with the reduced accessibility of the D-loop and Segment 227-235 on opposite filament strands, consistent with an ionic-strength-dependent conformational change that modulates involvement of Segment 227-235 in stabilization of the intermonomer interface. KCl may restrict the mobility of the α-helix encompassing part of Segment 227-235 and/or be bound to Asp236 at the boundary of Segment 227-235. These results provide experimental evidence for the involvement of Segment 227-235 in salt-induced stabilization of contacts within the actin filament and suggest that they can be weakened by mutations characteristic of actin-associated myopathies.     

双纵模热稳频激光源的模糊PID控制研究

为了满足激光拍频干涉仪所需要的高的频率稳定性的激光光源,研究了双纵模热稳频的机理。以控制激光管放电电流为主要热控制方式及自创的对激光管进行感应加热作为微量控制的先进方法为控制手段,采用模糊控制理论与专家系统相结合的控制策略,建立模糊PID控制器,对双纵模激光源进行稳频。无须建立被控对象数学模型,对时滞、非线形和时变性具有一定的适应能力。实验结果显示,稳频精度无明显变化,但预热时间明显缩短,抗干扰性明显增强,强干扰后也能迅速稳频。     

剩余污泥资源化提取蛋白质方法的优选

剩余污泥中蛋白质的资源化利用是目前研究的热点,污泥预处理则是实现污泥中蛋白质释放的重要途径。为了进一步提高剩余污泥中蛋白质的溶出效果,选取热碱预处理、超声碱联合预处理、溶菌酶预处理对污泥进行溶胞,以蛋白质提取浓度为主要指标进行参数优化,并利用等电点法对粗提取蛋白进行纯化回收。结果表明：溶胞效果热碱预处理（pH值13、温度140℃、时间1.5 h,2 062.98 mg/L）>超声碱联合预处理（497.76 mg/L）>溶菌酶预处理（269.95 mg/L）,且在pH值为3时热碱预处理蛋白质纯化回收率可达62.42%。试验结果表明：热碱预处理在提取效果方面较另外两种方法优势明显,具有良好的利用前景。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.