硅烷偶联剂-树脂作软岩防崩解涂料的研究

软岩的崩解、泥化往往给工程带来困难和损失。崩解、泥化实际上是岩体失水-吸水-膨胀的过程，水在这个过程中起着关键性的作用。硅烷偶联剂一树脂涂料中由于硅烷偶联剂在岩体表面和树脂问的架桥作用，使得涂层具有吸附牢固、疏水性好的特点，起到了阻止岩体与外界水分交换、加固岩体的作用。硅烷偶联剂一树脂涂料在软岩工程方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

粒径对膨胀土无荷膨胀率的影响研究

为了研究粒径大小对重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果的影响,在符合现有规范的试验条件下,将某地基泥岩碾碎成1~2 mm、0.1~1 mm、0.1 mm的三种不同粒径,进行不同比例组合搭配的重塑土无荷膨胀率试验。试验结果表明:不同粒径大小的膨胀土样的无荷膨胀率试验结果有很大差异,并且不同粒径组合下的无荷膨胀率试验结果呈正态分布趋势,且峰值处的无荷膨胀率值为该重塑土稳定、可靠的无荷膨胀率值,无荷膨胀率试验结果接近峰值处无荷膨胀率值的粒径级配为该重塑土的最佳级配。经过分析得到使重塑土无荷膨胀率结果稳定、可靠的粒径级配是1~2 mm、0.1~1 mm、0.1 mm的土粒质量比为0∶100∶0,即使重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果稳定可靠的粒径范围为0.1~1 mm。在该粒径范围内的重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果最为真实、准确。     

Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.     

新疆某黄土的土水特征及其分形描述

本研究采用新疆某引水渠道边坡的黄土填料进行土水特征曲线试验,研究压实度和应力水平对土料的土水特征的影响规律。针对试验结果,本研究首先采用经典的van Genuchten模型进行曲线拟合。然后采用分形理论进行土水特征曲线的比较分析。结果表明:(1)随着压实度的增加,土水特征曲线向下移动;随着轴向应力的增加,土水特征曲线也会有所下移;(2)相应于孔隙分布,该土料的土水特征曲线具有明显的分形特性;(3)在相同压实度下,不同应力水平的SWCC分形拟合基本平行。采用本文所述的分形方法,在已知不同应力水平下的孔隙率时,可较为合理的从一个应力水平下的土水特征曲线推求其它应力水平下的土水特征曲线。     

采用加压-真空两段热缩聚法制备中间相沥青炭纤维的原料

以深度裂解石油渣油为原料，采用两段热缩聚法可制得软化点为268℃，可编性良好的中间相沥青。本文详细考察了温度，时间对中间相沥青软化点，可编性，中间相沥青形态及碳化收率的影响，并初步探讨了两段热缩聚反应的机理。研究结果表明反应温度，时间对中间相沥青的结构和性能影响较大，选择适宜石油渣油，采用加压－真空两段热缩聚法，调整反应条件，可制得可纺性良好的中间相沥青。     

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon

The shortening of fallow period in several areas in tropical Africa has reduced soil fertility and exposed soils to erosion and run-off. Fertilizer application and crop conservation practices are needeed to sustain high crop yield and to conserve the natural resource base for upland crop production in the continent. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and soil and crop residues management practices on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) planted on a Plinthudult soil at Bertoua, Eastern Cameroon. Maize yields increased significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Under the rainfall pattern prevailing in the area, the amount of nitrogen required for maximum yield was higher in the second season. On the other hand, the amount of phosphorus required for maximum yield appeared to decrease with time. The burning of crop residues and weeds prior to planting together with no-till practive gave higher yield of maize than other soil and crop residues management practices.     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

基于TS201的信号处理软件设计

基于TS201处理器的软件优化设计,对于提高运算效率和运行稳定性是非常关键的。结合具体项目和实际工作经验,对如何正确利用TS201处理器的各种资源进行了分析,并提出了优化设计方法。按此方法设计的信号处理软件已成功应用到了某探测系统中,实现了系统提出的各种功能,并满足实时性要求,软件运行稳定,验证了所提方法的正确性。     

基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统设计

利用土壤的介电特性测量土壤含水量是一种快速、简便、可靠的方法。根据频域反射(FDR)法测量原理,电磁波在土壤中的传播频率可用来测试土壤的介电常数,从而得到土壤容积含水率,设计出了一种基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统,介绍了FDR测量原理,阐述了自动灌溉系统的软硬件构成,土壤水分传感器测得的土壤水分含量信息,经信号处理,输出为0~5V电压信号,经A/D转换送至AT89S52单片机进行判断处理,根据输出数值的大小控制电磁阀的通断时间,从而实现自动灌溉和节水灌溉的目的。试验表明:该系统工作稳定,控制准确,反应灵敏,满足自动灌溉要求。     

含温度补偿的便携式土壤水分测定仪研制

针对现有土壤水分测定仪的不足,研制了一种新型的便携式土壤水分测定仪。传感器快速测量出土壤温、湿度数据,GPS自动获取时间、经纬度信息,数据既可临时保存在仪器的存储芯片中,又可通过GPRS/GSM将数据及时发送到后台数据库和手机用户。通过温度补偿和野外验证实验得出,温度补偿项为Δy=0.0002 t3-0.011 t2+0.444 1 t-6.423 2,仪器所有功能运行正常,测量绝对误差为-3.64%~3.82%,平均绝对误差为2.24%,精度较高,适合在地方农技和水利部门推广应用,有助于农业水利信息化水平的提高。