Molecularly imprinted polymers: present and future prospective

Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and application of the molecular imprinting polymers with examples taken from the recent literature will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental parameters for MIPs design in terms of the interaction between template and polymer functionalities will be considered and synthesis methods for the improvement of MIP recognition properties will also be presented.     

Production of microparticles from milk fat products using the Supercritical Melt Micronization (ScMM) process

The ScMM (Supercritical Melt Micronization) process was applied for the production of microparticles from anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and a diacylglycerol-based modified milk fat (D-AMF). Both fats were able to dissolve ca. 30 wt% CO₂ in the studied pressure and temperature ranges, being the CO₂ amount slightly higher for AMF. A melting point depression was observed in both systems in the presence of CO₂. Two powder morphologies were obtained (spherical hollow particles and a mass sponge-like broken particles) depending on the ScMM process conditions. The concentration of CO₂ in the fat melt was the main process variable affecting the particle morphology, followed by the temperature of the melt. The small broken particles originated from the breakage of spherical fat particles that solidified before all CO₂ could escape from the atomized droplets. While the hollow spheres had a tendency to agglomerate, the broken microparticles constituted a free-flowing powder as long as they were stored at low temperatures (up to −18 °C). Both types of particles have a potential for being incorporated in refrigerated or frozen food products as a structuring agent.     

Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)陶瓷的制备及微观结构

以过量的Bi2O3和TiO2为组分,采用固相烧结法制备Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷。借助XRD和SEM分析相成分和微观结构。结果表明:经750℃/2h预烧后,合成粉体由Bi4Ti3O12、少量的Bi12TiO20和Ti5O9以及Bi2O3组成。成型烧结后,Bi12TiO20和Ti5O9的衍射峰消失,出现了Bi2Ti2O7的衍射峰。1000℃烧结后,Bi2Ti2O7的衍射峰消失,产物基本为Bi4Ti3O12相。SEM分析表明,温度低时,气孔较多,晶粒较细;温度升高后,晶粒长大,气孔减少;到1000℃时,气孔显著减少,晶粒尺寸约为2～5μm。     

Role of Ti and Sn ions in spinel formation and reactive sintering of magnesia-rich ceramics

The solid solubility of magnesia in magnesium aluminate spinel and magnesium aluminate spinel in magnesia does not change with temperature thus not creating bonds or precipitation over periclase grains in a single stage sintering process. In comparison, the precipitated spinels in magnesia-chromia refractories form complex spinel due to inversion in the position of bivalent and trivalent cations within the structure, making them more stable at high temperature than either normal or inverse spinel. Additives form low-temperature compounds that diffuse into the spinel structure and create defects that change the properties of spinel solid solution. In the present study, magnesia and alumina powders along with tetravalent oxide additives were analyzed for their role in reactive densification of spinel in a single stage firing process in order to achieve a better binding system for magnesia-based refractories. These tetravalent oxides on reaction with magnesia form spinel solid solution with MgAl₂O₄ as they have similar crystal structure. The spinel solid solution formed using oxide additives is expected to have higher solubility in magnesia than magnesium aluminate spinel, resulting in improvement of the bonding during sintering through increased in solid solubility at elevated temperatures followed by precipitation of secondary spinel phases, similar to the complex spinel in magnesia-chrome refractories. The formation of spinel during firing remains as a second phase that retards the grain growth of periclase. The changes in unit cell dimensions with temperature and amount of additive were analyzed using Reitveld method and correlated with the densification behaviour at different temperatures.     

Synthesis, microstructure, and photocatalysis of In2O3 hollow particles

Indium oxide (In₂O₃) microspheres with hollow interiors have been prepared by a facile implantation route which enables indium ions released from indium-chloride precursors to implant into nonporous polymeric templates in C₂Cl₄ solvent. The templates are then removed upon calcination at 500 °C in air atmosphere, forming hollow In₂O₃ particles. Specific surface area (0.5-260 m² g⁻¹) and differential pore volume (7 × 10⁻⁹ to 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ m³ g⁻¹ Å⁻¹) of the hollow particles can be tailored by adjusting the precursor concentration. For the hollow In₂O₃ particles with high surface area (260 m² g⁻¹), an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency (up to ∼one-fold increase) against methylene blue (MB) dye is obtained under UV exposure for the aqueous In₂O₃ colloids with a dilute solids concentration of 0.02 wt.%.     

复合型固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-Fe2O3-Sm2O3的制备与稳定性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合型固体超强酸SO<,4><'2->/SnO<,2>-Fe<,2>O<,3>-Sm<,2>O<,3>,将其应用于乙酸正丁酯的合成反应,考察制备条件对催化活性的影响.实验得到该催化剂的最佳制备条件为:锡铁摩尔比为4:1,氧化钐含量为3%,浸渍液H<,2>SO<,4>浓度为2.0 mol·L<'-1>...     

降尘中氮磷含量的研究

通过对杭州西湖北山路春夏两季(3～8 月)降尘的采集和实验测定其中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的含量,分析出该地区降尘的粒径质量分布特点为较细颗粒的质量含量高于较粗颗粒的质量含量且较细颗粒的氮磷含量也高于较粗颗粒的氮磷含量,得出北山路降尘所携带的氮会对北里湖水体的水质造成潜在威胁,并给出建议对策.     

混杂铝粒子对环氧树脂导热性能与介电性能的影响

选取平均粒径分别为2、18、50 μm的3种铝粒子,两两混合填充环氧树脂形成3种复合材料,铝粒子的总含量为60 %。研究了复合材料中小粒径铝粒子相对含量(Ws)的变化对环氧树脂热导率及介电性能的影响。结果表明,随着Ws的改变,复合材料的热导率、热扩散系数及介电性能均发生变化。2种铝粒子的粒径差异越小,复合材料热导率达到最大值时的Ws值越小。在W50μm/W18μm约为2时,复合材料的介电常数达到最大值;介电损耗受Ws影响不大,仍处于很低值(＜0.02)。     

Ag＋改性SO4^2-/TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文用溶胶凝胶法制备了纳米Ag＋-SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸（AST）,采用XRD、FT-IR等方法对AST的结构进行表征,研究AST在紫外光和可见光下降解罗丹明B的光催化活性。结果表明,适宜的制备条件为：Ag＋掺杂量为0.5%,硫酸浓度为0.5mol/L,焙烧温度为450℃制备的AST具有较好的光催化活性,且在模拟可见光下AST也具有光催化活性,2h能将罗丹明B几乎完全降解。     

高固含量丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的研制

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体、丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体和过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用不同的反应性乳化剂合成了固含量为50%～60%的丙烯酸酯无皂乳液。讨论了反应性乳化剂的种类及用量对无皂乳液性能及粒径等影响。结果表明:当反应温度为80～85℃、反应性乳化剂为烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯硫酸铵(DNS-86)且w(DNS-86)=4%～5%时,无皂乳液的固含量高达60%左右、凝胶率几乎为零且粒径相对较小。