特殊工业粉尘地区复合绝缘子腐蚀失效过程研究

硅橡胶复合绝缘子因其优异的憎水性及憎水迁移性而具备较好的防污闪能力,往往作为应对污闪事故的首选方案。但在部分特殊工业粉尘地区,复合绝缘子在短时间运行后会出现爬电及蚀损现象,并发展为绝缘失效。为研究特殊工业粉尘地区复合绝缘子的腐蚀失效过程,测试了某特殊工业园区内运行的复合绝缘子的表面污秽度及污秽成分、污闪电压梯度、憎水性能及微观性能,并分析了其腐蚀失效过程。主要结论如下:绝缘子表面等值盐密为0.1~0.2 mg/cm²,其污秽成分与化工污源类似;存在自然污秽时绝缘子表面憎水性良好,但其憎水性的减弱、恢复及迁移特性均不能满足运行要求;绝缘失效的起因是电晕放电导致憎水性降低,进而导致伞裙电蚀损,最后发展为绝缘失效。     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose- and Xylose Laurate Esters Using Different Acyl Donors,Higher Substrate Concentrations,and Membrane Assisted Solvent Recovery

Glucose- and xylose laurate esters are enzymatically synthesized using equimolar substrate concentrations in 2-methyl-2-butanol, comparing free lauric acid with methyl- and vinyl-laurate as acyl donors. All reactions result in ≥70% acyl donor conversions after 72 h but the activated donors are also partially hydrolyzed to lauric acid, highlighting the difficulty in controlling water presence in this particular reaction system. The esterification of xylose generates a complex product profile, with several regioisomers of monoesters and diesters. The esterification of glucose is quite selective, forming mainly the 6-O monoester (≥96%) with a small presence of two diester isomers (4%). Increasing substrate concentration up to 800 millimoles kg⁻¹ results in lower conversion values (down to 58%) but shows that the reaction proceeds successfully even in the presence of high amounts of insoluble glucose. However, the reaction is less selective and the proportion of diester increases, becoming up to 46% (molar fraction) of the final product. Solvent recovery after esterification can be achieved by organic solvent nanofiltration through a polymeric membrane able to retain ≥80% of all reaction substrates and products. Practical Applications: The use of high substrate concentrations during the enzymatic synthesis of sugar ester biosurfactants leads to product titers that are more industrially appealing, without the need to find a solvent that can solubilize all initial substrate. The sustainability of the enzymatic conversion at mild temperatures can be enhanced by recycling of the reaction solvent through organic solvent nanofiltration, an energy efficient alternative to other traditional methods like distillation.     

小波分析与漏磁检测信号处理

详细介绍了小波分析的基本理论,并将其引入到钢管漏磁探伤信号的分析中,可以去除噪声、压缩数据和检测奇异性,而且为缺陷的定性和定量分析提供了新的判定方法.     

硅黄铜铸件的渗漏缺陷分析

为了满足耐海水腐蚀、高导热率和承压能力要求,冷却器盖均采用硅黄铜制造。某厂在冷却器盖的生产过程中,铸件废品率高达60%,主要问题是铸件在水压测试中出现渗漏。分析了冷却器盖铸件的渗漏缺陷。结果表明:硅的加入量和浇注温度偏高,硅熔化不完全是导致此类铸件产生渗漏的主要原因。针对性地采取措施后,冷却器盖铸件的成品率大幅提高,达到了90%以上。     

Experiment and simulation study of 3D magnetic field sensing for magnetic flux leakage defect characterisation

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely used to detect and characterise defects in pipelines, rail tracks and other structures. The measurement of the two field components perpendicular to the test surface and parallel to the applied field in MFL systems is well established. However, it is rarely effective when the shapes of the specimens and defects with respect to the applied field are arbitrary. In order to overcome the pitfalls of traditional MFL measurement, measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field is proposed. The study is undertaken using extensive finite element analysis (FEA) focussing on the 3D distribution of magnetic fields for defect characterisation and employing a high sensitivity 3-axis magnetic field sensor in experimental study. Several MFL tests were undertaken on steel samples, including a section of rail track. The experimental and FEA test results show that data from not only the x- and z-axes but also y-axis can give comprehensive positional information about defects in terms of shape and orientation, being especially advantageous where the defect is aligned close to parallel to the applied field. The work concludes that 3D magnetic field sensing could be used to improve the defect characterisation capabilities of existing MFL systems, especially where defects have irregular geometries.     

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 多传感器信息融合是一个新的研究领域，它应用到故障诊断领域还是近几年的事。文章主要论述了多传感器信息融合技术的基本概念、工作原理及常用方法，同时还介绍了其在故障诊断中的应用实例。     

N-甲酰吗啉芳烃抽提塔试验研究

用小型碳钢筛板萃取塔进行了宽馏分重整脱庚烷油的N 甲酰吗啉抽提试验 ,考察了抽提温度、溶剂比、溶剂含水率对总芳烃收率及选择性的影响。结果表明 ,在抽提温度为 60℃、溶剂含水为 3 % (m )和溶剂比S/F =4(V)的抽提操作条件下 ,溶剂选择性较高 ,并可获得高的芳烃回收率     

表面活性剂包衣脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成

用合成的谷氨酸二烷基酯核糖醇对来源于Candidarugosa的脂肪酶进行了包衣 ,以月桂酸与月桂醇的酯化为模型反应 ,研究了各种操作条件对包衣酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,包衣酶制备过程中的缓冲溶液的最适 pH为 6.8,谷氨酸双十二烷基酯核糖醇的包衣效果最好 ,最适反应温度为 3 0℃ ,最佳溶剂为异辛烷。在 10h内底物转化率达 94%。     

二甲基甲酰胺的生产

二甲基甲酰胺是性能优良的溶剂和化工原料，尤其是高纯二甲基甲酰胺在聚氨酯合成革、聚丙烯腈纤维生产中有独特的用途。本文介绍二甲基甲酰胺的生产方法和国内外生产情况。     

Determination of tetrachloroethylene—Results of a collaborative study and the standardized method

The development, by collaborative study, of a standardized method for the determination of tetrachloroethylene in olive oils is described. The results of the study, which was carried out in 1989 under the direction of the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC), are presented and show that tetrachloroethylene can be readily determined, to an acceptable degree of precision, by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. A limited number of results obtained for the determination of trichloroethylene and chloroform by the same method indicate that a similar precision could be obtained with the method when determining these solvents also.