Production of propylene glycol fatty acid monoesters by lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents

Fatty acid monoesters of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol) are good water-in-oil emulsifiers. These esters were synthesized enzymatically to overcome the problems associated with chemical processes. APseudomonas lipase was added to reaction mixtures containing propylene glycol and various acyl donors (fatty acids, fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty acid anhydrides and triglycerides) in organic solvents, and the mixtures were shaken at 30°C. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of monoesters was affected by the acyl donors, organic solvents, temperature, water content, pH memory and reaction time. The anhydrous (lyophilized) enzyme and fatty acid anhydrides were best for monoester production. The optimum pH ranges were 4–5 and 8–10. The yields of propylene glycol monolaurate, monomyristate, monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM fatty acid anhydrides as acyl donors were 97.2, 79.6, 83.7, 89.7 and 93.4 mM, respectively; those with 50 mM fatty acids as acyl donors were 37.3, 28.7, 28.7, 35.3 and 36.2 mM, respectively. The yields of propylene glycol monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM triglycerides as acyl donors were 87.4, 65.1 and 83.2 mM, respectively.     

醇溶剂中TS-1催化丙烯环氧化的本征动力学与反应机理研究

研究了在三种不同醇溶剂(甲醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇)水溶液中TS—l催化丙烯过氧化氢环氧化反应的本征动力学，反应条件为温度30～60℃，丙烯压力0．4-0．6MPa。根据实验现象和各组分在TS-1上的吸附特点建立了该反应的Eley-Rideal机理模型，环氧化反应在吸附态的H2O2分子与游离态的丙烯分子之间进行，表面反应为速度控制步骤。通过实验数据对机理模型进行了参数估值，检验结果表明拟合效果较好，平均偏差在10％以内。最后对过程进行了进一步讨论，为该过程的工业化提供了依据。     

接触网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测装置设计

为有效地预测接触网绝缘子污秽水平,提高接触网运行安全可靠性,设计了一种基于ARM的接触网绝缘子泄露电流在线监测装置。通过传感器采集泄露电流和环境湿度预测绝缘子污秽水平,从而判断绝缘子是否应该进行清洗。选取了FQBJ—25/8—760P复合绝缘子为研究对象,在饱和空气湿度下,利用在线监测装置进行人工污秽实验。利用实验数据拟合污秽水平与泄漏电流的关系曲线,为确定接触网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测装置的预警值提供指导。基于污闪发展三区段思想,提出接触网绝缘子安全运行区、污秽清理区及危险区。     

机车车载漏电流数字传感器研究与应用

介绍一种机车车载漏电流数字传感器的研究与应用,在模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,经数字化改进而实现.硬件设计采用ARM平台,在分析系统原理的基础上,完成了硬件系统和软件架构的设计,完成了单线和双线的模拟实验.经模拟实验验证检测准确、反应快速,通信采用CAN总线安全可靠.在实际测量中,验证了模拟实验的正确性,设计可行.     

基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器

介绍一种基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器的设计。在高精度模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,采用CAN总线进行数据通信,在目前高端的、低功耗、小系统设计处理器Cortex—M3(STM32)上经数字化改进而实现。该漏电流数字传感器经实验验证检测准确、响应快速、数据通信安全可靠,是目前一种先进的车载式漏电流数字传感器。实际使用时,由多个漏电流数字传感器与一台计算机互接,构成一个多点的漏电检测网络,最终实现漏电检测的综合处理。     

冷却器盘管失效分析及防范措施

本文介绍了冷却器盘管破裂泄漏的情况，分析了失效破坏的原因，并提出防止冷却器盘管破裂泄漏的措施。     

氨纶干法纺丝介质循环系统的设备和工艺介绍

介绍氨纶干法纺丝技术中纺丝介质 (SM )循环系统的主要设备 ,对循环风压力、风温度和风量控制进行了探讨。严格控制SM循环工艺参数 ,可减少并丝现象。     

核电厂小型承压容器泄漏率直读的可行性分析

对比气体泄漏率的精确计算值与直读值的差异,分析误差的成因并找出切实可行的缩小误差的方法,使得直读法在小型承压容器的大批量泄漏率检测中发挥了重要的作用。     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

The Desalting Property of Ion-Exchange Resins in Organic Solvent

The desalting property of ion-exchange resins in organic solvent is reported by using potassium acetate as a model compound. The experimental results show that the solvability of the solvent stirring speed, and temperature are the factors which influence the ion-exchange rate. The increase of solvability, stirring speed and temperature will speed up the ion-exchange process.