Perceptual and cognitive load interact to control the spatial focus of attention.

Caparos and Linnell (2009, 2010) used a variable-separation flanker paradigm to show that (a) when cognitive load is low, increasing perceptual load causes spatial attention to focus and (b) when perceptual load is high, decreasing cognitive load causes spatial attention to focus. Here, we tested whether the effects of perceptual and cognitive load on spatial focus remain when, respectively, cognitive load is high and perceptual load is low. We found that decreasing cognitive load only causes spatial attention to focus when perceptual load is high and the stimulus encourages this. Moreover, and contrary to the widely held assumption that perceptual load focuses attention automatically (Lavie, Hirst, de Fockert, & Viding, 2004), perceptual load exerts its focusing effect only with the engagement of cognitive resources when cognitive load is low. In sum, perceptual and cognitive mechanisms exert interacting effects and operate in concert to focus spatial attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

龙格库塔方法在求解瞬态中子扩散方程中的应用

本工作开发了NGFMN-K程序求解瞬态中子扩散方程。空间离散采用第2类边界条件节块格林函数方法,时间离散分别选取向后欧拉格式和四阶精度对角线隐式龙格库塔(DIRK)格式。对DIRK格式采用嵌入三阶精度格式估计截断误差实现时间步长自调节。数值验证结果表明,两种格式的计算结果与参考程序结果符合很好,对于剧烈瞬变情况,DIRK格式较向后欧拉格式更为精确、高效。     

Drift field improvement and test in a GEM-TPC prototype

With the help of Maxwell, Ansys and Garfield, a simulation of the electric field and the deviation of electron drift in the drift volume of a GEM-TPC prototype has been accomplished under the following conditions： Field Cages with one-side and double-side     

长三角地区农作物温室气体排放特征研究

为有效指导农业温室气体减排政策的制定,本研究分别采用CH4MOD模型和排放因子法估算了2018年长三角地区农作物甲烷(CH₄)和氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放,并分析其时空分布规律,最终建立了2018年长三角地区农作物1 km×1 km网格化温室气体排放清单.研究结果表明:长三角稻田CH₄排放因子为348.54 kg／hm²,农作物N₂O排放因子为0.95 kg／hm²,与前人研究结果具有一致性.长三角地区稻田CH₄排放为176.9万t(折合约3 714.9万t CO₂当量),最主要排放源为单季稻稻田;农作物N₂O排放为15114.9 t(折合约450.4万t CO₂当量),小麦是主要贡献源.CH₄和N₂O排放均主要来源于江苏省和安徽省,且集中在4—8月.建议加强对农业温室气体排放的管控,从源头上减少农田碳氮源的输入.     

GIS线状缓冲区生成算法研究

缓冲区分析是地理信息系统重要的空间分析功能之一．地理信息系统中的缓冲区生成分点、线、面3种,线状目标缓冲区的生成是点、线、面3种基本空间要素缓冲区生成的关键和基础,文中就线状目标缓冲区的两种生成算法进行了严密的数学推导,并通过编程实现取得了较好的效果．     

How do tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) understand causality involved in tool use?

Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were trained to choose from 2 hook-like tools, 1 of which successfully led to collecting food, whereas the other did not because of inappropriate spatial arrangement of the tool and the food. In Experiment 1, all of the monkeys successfully learned the basic task. The monkeys performed successfully with tools of novel colors and shapes in Experiments 2-5. These results demonstrate that the monkeys used the spatial arrangement of the tool and the food as a cue. However, they failed when there were obstacles (Experiment 6) or traps (Experiment 7) on the path along which she monkeys dragged tools. These results may suggest that capuchin monkeys understand the spatial relationship between 2 items, namely, food and. the tool, but do not understand the spatial relationship among 3 items, namely, food, tool, and the environmental condition. The possible role of stimulus generalization is also considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

熊耳山地区七里坪F60 -Ⅰ金银矿体地质特征及趋势预测成效

在全国老矿山深部找矿项目实施过程中,根据已获得矿山深部勘查成果,以及系统收集的研究区地质勘查和科学研究成果,发现七里坪F60-I金银矿脉的深部又出现了金品位再次升高的趋势。通过研究已知矿体的空间赋存状态、分布规律与成矿特征,分析中深部构造成矿、控矿特征及成矿元素变化规律,基于MapGIS DTM空间数据分析,采用权值等值线进行了矿体空间延伸趋势预测,系统分析了矿体的三维空间状态。参考已有矿体工程验证效果,调整了矿体空间预测方案与验证工程,并获得了良好的深部预测效果,实现了老矿山深部整装勘查找矿的突破,对研究区中深部找矿工程部署乃至整个小秦岭地区深部找矿具有很好的指导意义和示范效应,有效促进了小秦岭地区深部地质找矿工作的工程部署和勘探验证工程的实施。     

Influence of display, response, and response set factors upon the storage of spatial information in complex displays.

Immediate recall for spatial information was studied as a function of stimulus load under 2 display formats, 2 response formats, and 2 response set conditions. 4 groups of 10 Ss each served under 15 replications of all response-format, stimulus-load conditions; groups were distinguished on the basis of display format and set. Each S viewed either a spatial or tabular display of 14-26 geometrical stimuli for 16 sec.; he was then required to report, on either a tabular or spatial response form, the location of relevant stimuli. Correct responses and misplacement errors increased more rapidly for the spatial format as more stimuli were presented. Recoding from 1 display to the other response format did not yield serious decrements. Contrary to expectation, response set enhanced all conditions to a nearly equivalent degree. Results are interpreted in terms of the "chunking" hypothesis. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

立式长轴泵结构改进

介绍了立式长轴泵的结构,分析了其结构缺陷。通过采取用哈夫节夹套代替联轴节或联轴套、在喇叭管口增加导轴承支撑、在轴颈上加工梯形槽和润滑油流道等改进措施,提高了泵组的运行平稳性和使用寿命,降低了生产、施工和维修难度。     

活动中心网架安全验算

按照现行规范,考虑现有荷载作用,对某职工活动中心斜放四角锥网架屋盖进行了验算。验算结果表明:空间网格结构其结构形式合理,在满足场馆对空间功能要求的同时,可以满足各荷载工况下的受力要求。