Cracked Brazilian disc specimen subjected to mode II deformation

The centrally cracked Brazilian disc specimen has been used by many researchers to study mode I and mode II brittle fracture in different materials. However, the experimental results obtained in the past from this specimen indicate that the fracture toughness ratio (K_IIc/K_Ic) is always significantly higher than the theoretical predictions. It is shown in this paper that the increase in the ratio K_IIc/K_Ic can be predicted if a modified maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion is used. The modified criterion takes into account the effect of T-stress in addition to the conventional singular stresses. The fracture toughness ratio K_IIc/K_Ic is calculated for two brittle materials using the modified criterion and is compared with the relevant published experimental results obtained from fracture tests on the cracked Brazilian disc specimen. A very good agreement is shown to exist between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results.     

弯曲载荷下含周向穿透裂纹管道JR曲线的几何依赖性

含周向穿透裂纹管道在弯曲载荷作用下，实验观察到保护常量的裂纹尖端张开角与裂纹沿周向稳定扩展量有关，根据管道的裂纹角及几何参数预测了管道的ＪＲ阻力曲线，并与实验结果进行了比较。     

Partition of unity enrichment for bimaterial interface cracks

Partition of unity enrichment techniques are developed for bimaterial interface cracks. A discontinuous function and the two‐dimensional near‐tip asymptotic displacement functions are added to the finite element approximation using the framework of partition of unity. This enables the domain to be modelled by finite elements without explicitly meshing the crack surfaces. The crack‐tip enrichment functions are chosen as those that span the asymptotic displacement fields for an interfacial crack. The concept of partition of unity facilitates the incorporation of the oscillatory nature of the singularity within a conforming finite element approximation. The mixed‐mode (complex) stress intensity factors for bimaterial interfacial cracks are numerically evaluated using the domain form of the interaction integral. Good agreement between the numerical results and the reference solutions for benchmark interfacial crack problems is realized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel beam analysis of end notched flexure specimen for mode-II fracture

A novel beam model of end notched flexure (ENF) specimen for mode-II fracture testing is presented. By applying the principle of superposition, the ENF specimen is modeled as two sub-problems: (1) an un-cracked beam under three-point bending; and (2) a skew symmetric cracked beam under shear traction on the crack surface. Due to skew-symmetry of sub-problem two, only the upper half of the beam is analysed, and based on compatibility of deformation, a shear compliance coefficient is introduced to establish beam deformation equation. Explicit and simple closed form solutions of compliance and strain energy release rate are obtained, and they compare well with existing finite element analyses. Compared to other available analytical methods of the ENF specimen, the present beam model is relatively simple and easy to use; further, it can be applied to other beam fracture specimen analysis (e.g., mixed mode fracture and bi-material interface specimen).     

Fracture behaviour of 8%Ni 980 MPa high strength steel at various temperatures Part 3 – Four-point notched bend tests

Abstract

Based on the results of four-point notched bend tests together with detailed microscopic observations of fracture surfaces and crack configurations below the unbroken notch roots of double notch specimens, the fracture mechanisms in notched specimens of 8%Ni high strength (980 MPa) steel have been observed to be as follows. A fibrous crack initiates in the bainitic matrix at the notch root and then develops into a cleavage crack at a critical length. The cleavage crack propagates in an unstable manner and causes the final fracture of specimen. The critical event controlling the cleavage fracture is the propagation of the bainitic packet-sized crack, and the local fracture stress is measured as around 1845–2200 MPa.     

Shear Plugging and Frictional Behaviour of Composites and Fabrics Under Quasi‐static Loading

Experimental studies are presented on the shear plugging and frictional behaviour of composites and fabrics under quasi‐static loading. The primary focus is on the effect of specimen thickness on quasi‐static shear plugging behaviour. In the present study, quasi‐static shear plugging and through‐the‐thickness frictional tests are carried out on three types of materials. The materials investigated are 2D plain weave E‐glass/epoxy, 2D plain weave T300 carbon/epoxy and 2D plain weave E‐glass fabric. Typical results on shear plugging strength and frictional behaviour are presented. Effect of specimen thickness on quasi‐static shear plugging behaviour is also investigated.     

Performance Analysis of the Mesh‐Free Random Grid Method for Full‐Field Synthetic Strain Measurements

Abstract: In responding to the needs of the material characterization community, the recently developed mesh‐free random grid method (MFRGM) has been exhibiting very promising characteristics of accuracy, adaptability, implementation flexibility and efficiency. To address the design specification of the method according to an intended application, we are presenting a sensitivity analysis that aids into determining the effects of the experimental and computational parameters characterizing the MFRGM in terms of its performance. The performance characteristics of the MFRGM are mainly its accuracy, sensitivity, smoothing properties and efficiency. In this paper, we are presenting a classification of a set of parameters associated with the characteristics of the experimental set‐up and the random grid applied on the specimen under measurement. The applied sensitivity analysis is based on synthetic images produced from analytic solutions of specific isotropic and orthotropic elasticity boundary value problems. This analysis establishes the trends in the performance characteristics of the MFRGM that will enable the selection of the user controlled variables for a desired performance specification.     

Effect of residual stresses on crack behaviour in single edge bending specimens

Residual stresses due to manufacturing processes, such as welding, change the load bearing capacity of cracked components. The effects of residual stresses on crack behaviour in single edge bending specimens were investigated using Finite element analyses. Three parameters (J, Q and R) were used to study the crack behaviour. The J‐integral predicts the size scale over which large stresses and strains exist, the constraint parameter Q describes the crack‐tip constraint as a result of geometry, loading mode and crack depth and the constraint parameter R is used to describe the constraint resulting from residual stresses. To carry out a systematic investigation on the effect of residual stresses on the J‐integral and crack‐tip constraints, models under different combinations of residual stresses and external loads with different crack depths were analysed. It has been shown that the crack‐tip constraint R increased by tensile residual stresses around the crack‐tip. On the other hand, the constraint parameter R decreased and tended to zero at high external load levels.     

Plastic limit load and its application to the fracture toughness testing for heterogeneous single edge notch tension specimens

The current investigation pursues the confirmation of the applicability of the limit load solutions in determination of the η factors necessary for fracture toughness testing protocols. The procedure begins with the correct calculation of limit load values in welded single edge notch tension (SE(T)) fracture specimens containing centreline cracks. Hence, the η factor is inferred through the principle of potential energy. Additionally, such results are compared with those obtained from finite element analyses, including strain hardening effects available in the literature. SE(T) specimens subject to pin‐loading display that the η factors are insensitive to the configurational effects and hardening properties. On the other hand, in clamped SE(T) specimens, such effects become meaningful, making its usage in fracture toughness experiments questionable. This work provides an alternative methodology to compute fully plastic proportionality coefficients (η) based on limit load solutions for heterogeneous cracked SE(T) specimens. These analyses also consider the limitations and potentialities of such an approach in experimental measurements of ductile crack growth.     

飞机平板鸟撞试验件参数影响研究

本文利用pam—clash软件，通过对41b鸟撞击平板进行对比分析，对试验件参数影响进行研究。确定了试验件参数（如试验区大小、夹持方式）的选取原则。根据试验件参数选取原则建立了试验件分析模型，对鸟体撞击角度为90°和25°两种构型进行了分析，确定了每种构型3类试验件的厚度及对应撞击速度。用以后续全面验证分析模型。