Inverse Analysis of Axisymmetrical Compression of HSLA Steel

The objective of the present work is to further explore the problem of selection of the flow stress function which will give the best agreement with experiments for a wide range of the Zener‐Hollomon parameter. Analysis of various flow stress functions was performed, with particular emphasis on the Zerilli‐Armstrong model. Inverse analysis was successfully applied to identify the flow stress model for microalloyed steels deformed in ferrite, two‐phase and austenite regions. Inverse method is applied to interpret the results of the axisymmetrical compression tests performed for HSLA steel samples on a Gleeble 3800 and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Sensitivity analysis is performed based on local and global methods. The objective of the sensitivity analysis in the present study is the evaluation to what extent the selected coefficients in the rheological model influence the result of simulations. In the considered tests this result is represented by two dependent variables, the load and the shape of the sample (barrelling). It is confirmed that the Zerilli‐Armstrong equations should be applied at very high strain rates. Physical meaning is an advantage of this model. Difficulties with identification are the main disadvantage.     

High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

高性能鳞片涂料在脱硫烟囱防腐蚀中的应用

分析了湿法烟气脱硫工艺对脱硫装置及烟囱的腐蚀情况，对几种典型的衬里结构进行比较，介绍了高性能防腐蚀鳞片涂料的应用要求和工程实例。     

Measuring the load eccentricity in helical compression springs

An experimental device able to detect the load eccentricity in helical compression springs is described. The theory underlying the resolution of measured bending strains of the apparatus into effective load eccentricity is discussed. Laboratory results are offered for heavy duty springs and compared to theoretical estimates retrieved from the literature.     

等径侧向挤压应变分析

对等径侧向挤压变形的应变进行了深入的分析，应用平面纯剪切变形应变分析的结果，得到了等径侧向挤压变形真应变和等效真应变的计算公式，分析了循环等径Ｓ型侧向挤压真空应变和等效真应变的变化规律。     

碳/环氧复合材料的冲击拉伸

该文研究了T300碳纤维单向增强的环氧复合材料,在应变率从10~(-3)/s到10~3/s范围内的冲击拉伸行为.通过对实验数据进行拟合,得出该范围内材料对应变率具有弱的敏感性,表现在破坏强度及破坏应变随应变率增加不显著变化,平均模量几乎不受应变率的影响.分析了试件的几何尺寸效应,讨论了应力波作用对破坏形态的影响以及实验中观察到的拔出现象.从应变率在10~2～10~3/s附近材料行为某些非确定性,指出在更宽范围内了解其性能的必要性.     

双轴应变下GaN有效质量的计算及其对迁移率的影响

通过计算双轴应变下氮化镓的电子能带结构,给出了GaN有效质量与应变的变化关系。在弛豫时间近似的条件下,这种关系决定了双轴应变AlGaN/GaN中二维电子气(2DEG)的迁移率的改变。在其他物理参量不变的情况下,这种二维电子气迁移率将随着张应变的增加而增加,并随着压应变的增加而减小。计算结果表明,张应变对2DEG迁移率的影响要比压应变大。此外,GaN有效质量的变化在低温时对迁移率的作用更明显。而在低温低浓度的条件下,迁移率却对有效质量的依赖很小。     

裂纹对石墨烯拉伸力学性能影响的数值仿真

为研究裂纹对石墨烯力学性能的影响,以锯齿型石墨烯为研究对象,基于分子动力学方法,采用Tersoff势函数分析裂纹长度对石墨烯拉伸力学性能的影响以及含有裂纹的石墨烯在不同应变率下的拉伸变形破坏过程.结果表明,裂纹长度的增加大大减小石墨烯的抗拉强度和抗拉应变,对弹性模量有一定影响;裂纹降低石墨烯的抗拉应变对应变率的敏感性,但对于含有裂纹的石墨烯,仍可以增大加载速率来提高石墨烯的抗拉性能.     

焊接构造对T型接头超低周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究焊接细节对钢结构超低周疲劳性能的影响,以T型接头为对象,在通用有限元程序Abaqus平台上,开发基于Arlequin算法的结构多尺度计算程序. 利用多尺度算法,开展焊接接头的局部弹塑性有限元分析. 比较焊趾半径、厚钢板未熔透长度及焊趾表面凹凸对局部塑性应变履历的影响,利用Coffin-Manson模型对T型接头的超低周疲劳特性进行定性讨论. 数值计算结果表明,焊趾位置是焊接接头的超低周疲劳易损位置,厚钢板的未熔透长度对焊接部位局部塑性应变的影响不大;焊趾半径对焊趾局部塑性应变有较大的影响,增大焊趾半径可以有效提升钢结构在循环荷载下的超低周疲劳性能;焊趾表面的平整性是影响焊趾局部塑性应变履历的重要因素,尖锐的凹坑会明显降低焊接接头的超低周疲劳性能,磨平的焊趾表面可以减少局部塑性应变,提高接头的超低周疲劳强度.     

高强度结构钢的韧性启裂和稳态扩展

研究了具有一定韧度的高强度结构钢裂纹早期扩展阻力与材料的微观组织结构、应力状态、变形历史和应变特性之间的关系。结果表明:裂纹扩展阻力(指J_R阻力曲线中的J_i和dJ/da)主要决定于裂纹尖端的塑性约束程度和应力应变场中消耗的弹性能和塑性功。这与三轴应力状态函数σ_mσ~(1/2)有关。材料的流变曲线描述了形变过程中的变形历史和应变特性,有明显的阶段性,其中第Ⅱ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的启裂过程,第Ⅲ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的扩展过程。应变硬化率dσ/dε可以敏感地反映出材料内部的应力分布和微观断裂机制。