水与城市——以杭州城西水街为例,探讨商住区的河道处理

该文从空间入手,以杭州城西水街为例,研究了水与城市有机结合的方法和必要性,阐明其中所蕴含的文化沉积和历史底蕴是值得我们去感悟的。     

Empowering Communities Through Design

Francesca Galeazzi is an architectural engineer who leads the sustainability team at Arup Associates in Shanghai. Here she looks back with hindsight from 2050, reflecting on how rapid urbanisation in China, which started in the 1990s, played out over the next half-century. She describes how the initial highly centralised, mass urbanisation programmes gave way to a more local and community-based, participatory approach to decision-making and planning, foreshadowed by some key legislation around land ownership and design for community-based planning models in the early 2010s.     

低压电力载波通信技术在城市路灯远程智能监控中的应用

介绍了城市路灯单灯控制的智能监控系统,该系统采用低压电力载波通信方式。针对路灯分布的线型结构和低压电力载波通信的特点,提出了单灯接力式传输通信方案,且对低压电网噪声进行了分析,并在硬件和软件上提出了相应的解决方案。实验表明,这种通信方案能满足城市路灯控制要求。     

Antimicrobial resistant genes associated with Salmonella from retail meats and street foods

We examined the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from 300 meat products (raw beef, chicken meat and street foods). A total of 88 non-duplicate Salmonella from 66 (22.0%) retail meat and 22 (7.5%) street food samples were recovered and 11 serovars were identified. Among the 88 Salmonella isolates, the highest resistance was to tetracycline (73.8%), followed by sulfonamide (63.6%), streptomycin (57.9%), nalidixic acid (44.3%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (19.3%), ampicillin (17.0%), chloramphenicol (10.2%), cephalotin (8.0%), kanamycin (6.8%), ciprofloxacin (2.2%) gentamycin (2.2%), cefoxitin (2.2%), amoxicillin–clavulanate (1.0%) and amikacin (1.0%). Sixty-seven percent of the isolates (59/88) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Ten out of 17 resistance genes (bla_TEM-1, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetB, floR, cmlA) were detected. Twelve of the 59 MDR Salmonella isolates from serovars Typhimurium (6), Newport (3), Agona (1), Albany (1) and Weltevreden (1) had class 1 integrons. The gene cassettes identified were dfrA1, dfrV, dfrA12, aadA2, sul1 genes and an open reading frame orfC of unknown function. Four integron-positive isolates could transfer resistance phenotypes to the recipient strain, E. coli J53 via conjugation. These data revealed that the Salmonella isolates recovered from the retail meats and cooked street foods were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, which can be transmitted to humans through food products. The occurrence of mobile genetic elements such as integrons reiterates the roles of food of animal origins as a reservoir of MDR Salmonella.     

合肥市淮河路步行街商业建筑立面认知分析

以新研究视角试图探讨顾客对步行街商业建筑外立面的认知特点,利用商业流量评价合肥市淮河路步行街商业建筑外立面,并通过流量分析,运用SD法获得的量化数据对影响因子进行主成分和群聚分析,以归纳其特征,最终发现高吸引度的步行街建筑立面存在一定规律。     

关于卡门涡街形状稳定性的一点分析

在圆柱绕流的卡门涡街中,单个涡对于来流有相对速度,以该速度观察,其周围的流线更类似无旋理论中有环量的圆柱绕流.因此在势流解的基础上,运用扰动理论分析了涡街形状的稳定性问题.结果表明,涡位置的纵横比有一变化范围,以卡门的经典值为下限,与涡相对速度,实际涡核的大小及其环量都有关系,但与不构成单调的关系.与实验数据和数值模拟的结果进行对比,表明论文的分析是合理的.     

圆柱振荡流中的斜向涡街

本文用数字粒子成像测速仪 (DPIV) ,对圆柱体在静水中作正弦振动而产生的振荡流场进行了实测研究。通过相位锁定技术和互相关分析法 ,分别获得了圆柱体在振动周期中 8个不同相位的流场速度矢量及涡量强度等值线分布。实测表明 ,当 KC =12 时 ,圆柱振荡尾流中将存在一个有明显周期性且较规则的斜向涡街 ,涡街主要由一股较强的二次流及其两侧的非对称的涡对构成 ,涡街与圆柱体振动方向成± 45°夹角。而当KC =6.2 8时 ,由于吸附于柱体的涡对未能脱离柱体进入其尾流 ,因而无涡街产生。文中还分析和讨论了斜向涡街产生的机理并对振荡流中柱体受力情况进行了量测。受力测量结果表明 :当斜向涡街稳定时 ,圆柱体各向受力差异不大 ;但在涡街方向转变期间 ,柱体沿斜向的受力却明显大于沿运动方向的阻曳力     

街道峡谷内污染物对流扩散模拟分析

采用数值模拟和现场实验观测相结合的方法,对街道峡谷内汽车污染物的扩散规律进行研究。在进行数值模拟时,依据污染物对流扩散的基本理论,对不同风速下污染物的对流扩散特征进行模拟分析。将结果与现场观测结果进行比较,从而验证了数学模型的正确性,同时也获得了城市街道峡谷内污染物对流扩散规律。研究结果可为城市街道规划建设、建筑高度和密度控制、机动车尾气的排放控制和交通流量控制提供科学依据。     

方柱体与圆柱体气液两相涡街特性的研究

气液两相流体在垂直上升矩形截面管道内横向冲刷水平布置的柱体时,一定条件下会在柱体后面产生旋涡交替脱落现象.利用管壁压差法来研究气液两相流横掠圆柱体和方柱体时的旋涡脱落特性,得到了涡街的脱落频率和斯特罗哈数的变化情况.实验中雷诺数的范围为0.9×10~4～2.3×10~4,截面含气率的范围为0～0.2.实验结果表明:在一定的含气率范围内,两种柱体涡街的脱落频率与斯特罗哈数都随着截面含气率的增大而增大;方柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度与雷诺数无关,圆柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度受雷诺数的影响.