环境减灾卫星影像森林火灾监测技术方法研究

森林火灾是世界性的、频繁发生的重大自然灾害。随着国内外航天科技的迅猛发展,卫星遥感技术特别是红外卫星遥感已成为森林火灾监测的一种有效手段。我国的环境一号卫星A、B星(简称HJ-1A卫星、1B卫星)于2008年9月成功发射,其中的HJ-1B卫星搭载了红外多光谱相机,在森林火灾监测方面具有得天独厚的优势,可在早期的火灾发现、中期的灾害跟踪、后期的灾害损失评估中发挥重要作用。本文主要分析了环境减灾卫星在森林火灾监测方面的优势,对环境减灾卫星森林火灾监测技术和方法进行了研究。     

Operational active fire mapping and burnt area identification applicable to Mexican Nature Protection Areas using MODIS and NOAA-AVHRR direct readout data

Since 1999, the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of the Biodiversity (CONABIO) in Mexico has been developing and managing the “Operational program for the detection of hot-spots using remote sensing techniques”. This program uses images from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites and from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-AVHRR), which are operationally received through the Direct Readout station (DR) at CONABIO. This allows the near-real time monitoring of fire events in Mexico and Central America. In addition to the detection of active fires, the location of hot spots are classified with respect to vegetation types, accessibility, and risk to Nature Protection Areas (NPA). Besides the fast detection of fires, further analysis is necessary due to the considerable effects of forest fires on biodiversity and human life. This fire impact assessment is crucial to support the needs of resource managers and policy makers for adequate fire recovery and restoration actions. CONABIO attempts to meet these requirements, providing post-fire assessment products as part of the management system in particular for satellite-based burnt area mapping. This paper provides an overview of the main components of the operational system and will present an outlook to future activities and system improvements, especially the development of a burnt area product. A special focus will also be placed on the fire occurrence within NPAs of Mexico.     

EST3火灾报警系统的应用层通信协议剖析

给出通信协议剖析的一般方法和步骤,介绍GE爱德华EST3火灾报警系统的组成。对该系统串行通信协议的结构以及数据链路层和应用层的帧格式进行剖析。举例说明其应用层的基本分组格式,包括命令服务帧格式、报告服务帧格式和日期／时间通告服务帧格式。     

基于可拓神经网络的火灾探测算法

为解决传统单一传感器式的火灾探测器容易造成火灾报警的漏报和误报的问题,采用多传感器信息融合技术,将温度、烟雾浓度和CO浓度等多个参数相结合,进行综合分析,对火灾进行早期预测。采用可拓神经网络作为数据融合算法,以温度、烟雾浓度、CO气体浓度三个物理参量作为输入,以三种火灾预警等级作为输出。通过仿真分析结果表明：火灾正确识别率很高,达到93.9%以上。同时通过与传统BP神经网络的对比,表明可拓神经网络在数据融合的速度和可靠性上有突出的优势,从而使可拓神经网络实际应用于火灾早期预测成为可能。     

地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试系统的设计

为了解决当前地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试装置存在的自动化程度不高、产生的线荷载不精确不均匀的问题,综合计算机软件技术、自动控制技术和传感器技术设计了地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试系统.设计了计算机软件和PLC控制程序实现测试过程的自动控制.采用多点加载法,并对加载点引入闭环反馈控制来实现对荷载的精确控制.实验结果证明,设计的系统实现了测试的自动化,并解决了线荷载不精确不均匀的问题.     

基于颜色和纹理特征的林火烟雾识别

为了实现森林火灾的智能化预警,提出了基于颜色和纹理特征的林火烟雾识别方法.首先使用颜色特征确定烟雾疑似区域,随后采用局部二值模式方差(Local Binary Pattern Variance,LBPV)提取疑似区域纹理的不规则度特征并产生LBP图像.然后利用小波变换分解LBP图像并提取模糊度、复杂度和相关度特征.最后利用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行烟雾识别.结果证明,颜色结合纹理特征方法可以有效实现林火烟雾的识别,为林火烟雾识别研究提供了一种有效方案.     

大型油库消防救援寻路算法改进

大型油库区的地形不同于城市、山地等复杂的地形,虽然范围较大,但是油库区地形十分规整,油罐等建筑排列整齐,且在储油罐区的道路是笔直畅通的.根据这些特点,将标准的A^*寻路算法进行改进.一方面,根据油库地形结构简单,搜索节点相对少的特点,对A^*算法中搜索Open表中节点的数据结构进行改进,采用排序算法提高了搜索效率;另一方面,根据储油罐区道路笔直畅通的特点,将道路分为有障碍路段和无障碍路段,分而治之,提高整体的寻路效率.实验证明,将两种改进方法进行结合,寻路时间明显缩短,平均搜索效率提高6.86%.     

CropStraw Fire Remote Sensing Monitoring and Its Algorithm Implementation

in order to obtain the information and achieve the effective control of crop straw fire spatial distribution in Central China Region.The MODIS L1B remote sensing datasets during 2014 for the main data source in this article,and combined with land use data,the farmland of Central China Region was taken as study region.Based on the enhanced contextual fire remote sensing detection algorithm,and make full use of the theoretical knowledge of quantitative remote sensing and Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL)and other technical means,to achieve the crop straw fire recognition in Central China Region.Using Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China release the daily newspaper of crop straw fire in China and the standard fire products (MYD14)of MODIS for the comparative analysis of the quantitative and spatial.The results indicate that the algorithmof this paper can achieve crop straw fire remote sensing monitoring of this study region effectively,and the parameters can be adjusted in real time based on the characteristic of the study region,and improve the automation and working efficiency of crop straw fire monitoring.     

地铁头车车体静强度仿真与试验对比及仿真模型修正

依据EN 12663-1-2010标准对地铁车头车车体进行静强度仿真,并将仿真结果与试验数据结果进行对比,发现两者具有良好的一致性.但是,在一位端窗台压缩工况中,牵引梁缓冲区4个测点位置误差超过30%;基于试验的应变片尺寸与模型网格尺寸差异造成的误差,利用子模型方法对该区域进行网格单元细化,将误差降为5.88%,14.62%,18.99%和7.46%.