暖通空调工程设计常见问题

通过对施工图审查工作进行总结，指出了暖通空调和防火防排烟设计中存在的问题及防火规范本身的一些不足。     

油罐清洗作业防火安全措施

目前大型原油储罐逐步应用自动机械清洗系统进行清罐作业,而对于容量小、沉积物较少的油罐国内仍采用人工清洗方式进行。分析了油罐人工清洗作业过程时容易引发火灾的原因,并提出相应的预防火灾措施。     

Effect of specimen size and loading conditions on spalling of concrete

Different qualities of concrete have been fire tested using different geometries of the specimens as well as different load levels and load configurations. The main objective with the study was to examine a test methodology consisting of a full‐scale test and different small scale‐tests for determining the probability of spalling and the amount of spalling of fire exposed concrete structures. A reference specimen was defined as a one‐sided fire exposed slab with the dimensions 1800 × 1200 mm² giving an exposed area of 1500 × 1200 mm². A number of concrete qualities with different probabilities for spalling, were tested using the reference specimen. These tests showed that the reference specimens worked well giving the expected test results. Small specimens were manufactured in different shapes with the same concrete as the one used in the reference tests. These small specimens were tested either at the same time as the reference specimens in the large furnace or afterwards on a small‐scale furnace where the fire exposed surface was 450 × 360 mm². The test results clearly show the increased probability and the increased amount of spalling by using external compressive loading. The results also show that by using pre‐stress through bars or wires the load can be lost due to heating of the bars/wires which results in a decreased amount of spalling. The boundary of the specimen also affects the amount of spalling. The spalling around the edges was in all tests less than the spalling on the central parts of the exposed area. It could also be noted that the spalling did not pass completely through any of the specimens. The reason for this is probably that the water/vapour could migrate out from the unexposed surface of the specimen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

火灾自动报警与PLC自动控制相结合在油库消防系统中的应用

为了加强对油库消防监控,更好地保护油库的消防安全,宁波镇海国家储备油库的消防监控系统尝试了火灾自动报警与PLC自动控制相结合的监控模式,并取得了良好效果,使系统监控的智能化程度大为提高,其报警及灭火控制功能更为先进。文章主要阐述了该系统的特点、结构及功能,并结合实际工程应用介绍了该系统的工作流程,为该技术在其他类似工程的应用提供了有益的借鉴。     

Temperature effects on the mass flow rate in the SBI and similar heat‐release rate test equipment

In various medium‐to‐large‐scale fire test equipments like the ISO room corner test (RC), and more recently, the single burning item test (SBI) the mass flow rate measurement of the combustion gases plays a key role in the determination of the heat‐release rate and smoke‐production rate. With the knowledge of the velocity profile and the temperature of the flow, the mass flow rate is obtained by measuring the velocity on the axis of the duct. This is done by means of a bi‐directional probe based on the pitot principle. However, due to the variation of the mean temperature and the temperature gradient in any cross section of the duct, introduced by ever changing combustion gas temperatures, the velocity nor the density profile are constant in time. This paper examines the resulting uncertainty on the mass flow rate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of a non‐load‐bearing steel stud gypsum board wall assembly: Experiments and modelling

A gypsum wall assembly was exposed to an intense real‐scale compartment fire. For the wall assembly, temperatures were measured at the exposed face, within the stud cavity, and at the unexposed face during the fire exposure. Total heat flux gauges were used to measure the temporal variation of the energy incident on the walls, and cameras, both visual and infrared, were used to image the unexposed face of the wall assembly during the fire exposure. The behaviour of the wall assembly under the fire load is discussed as are current model results for a simulation of the fire test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

为了满足使用者需求而设计——上海地铁研究·使用者需求

在上海地铁研究中,我们发现了许多使用者的不满。这些不满来自于设计师对使用者的缺乏了解和缺乏关注。通过对上海地铁真实的使用者、真实的地点和真实的时间的调研,我们分析出25项上海地铁使用者的需求。并提出希望设计师能够从这些使用者的需求出发,去作为使用者带来良好体验的设计。     

基于VXI总线的机载火控系统自动测试仪的设计

目的　对作战飞机火控系统的故障检测 ,传统的方法是使用多种检测仪器对机载火控设备进行性能检查 ,不仅技术含量低 ,也给飞机转场后技术阵地的转移带来不便 ,不能满足现代战争的需要 ,为提高战机的作战效能和快速反应的能力 ,研制了机载火控系统自动测试仪 .方法　采用 VXI总线技术、合理的硬件配置和在 Lab Windows/CVI环境下的软件模块化设计方案 .结果　在实际应用中取得了良好效果 ,为技术人员进行机载火控系统的性能及故障检测提供了便利 .结论　该测试仪具有测试结果准确 ,自动化程度高 ,工作稳定可靠 ,操作简便 ,易于转移和维护等优点 ,并具有较高的抗干扰能力 ,不仅适用与内场 ,还可用于在外场对机载火控系统进行原位检测     

静电火灾的产生及其防治

文章详细分析了静电产生的机理，指出积聚静电电荷的多少与材料的电阻率和介电常数有关。讨论了静电火灾发生的条件，指出静电火灾的发生具有隐蔽性、复杂性和突发性。但只要对其规律进行深入地研究，可以找到有效地防止静电火灾发生的办法。     

新型难燃输送带胶粘剂的研制

以改性氯丁橡胶为主料、多异氰酸酯为固化剂制成的新型难燃输送带胶粘剂,具有粘接强度高、耐热性好、干燥时间短、难燃等特点,在常温常压下粘接输送带接头,固化30min即可负荷运行。