地震公共信息标识符号的规范和设计方法

目的研究公共信息标识符号的规范与设计方法,提升地震公共信息标识符号设计的规范性和标准化。方法通过分析符号的特性以及在地震灾区所发挥的作用,明确标识符号设计规范化和标准化的重要性,对国内外现有公共标识符号的设计规范进行研究,并展开地震公共信息标识符号的设计实践。结论规范化、标准化图形符号具备构建秩序的特性,基于公共信息标识符号的设计规范进行了设计实践,总结出地震公共信息标识符号的常用设计方法。     

图形符号在现代平面设计中的运用

目的探究图形符号在平面设计中的运用策略。方法结合当前平面设计的现实背景,从图形符号的概念和特点出发,分别探讨图形符号在标志设计、海报设计和包装设计中的运用方向及实例。结论图形符号多样化的表现形式,能够承载人类社会的各种文化信息,并且赋予平面设计更强烈的视觉冲击力,有效提升设计作品的艺术表达效果。     

从传播学角度看视觉符号的建构

以传播的角度,从视觉符号的元素、共时性、历时性等方面分析视觉符号的建构与传播的关系,论述传播主题、环境、媒介的变化等对视觉符号建构的影响,提出视觉符号建构应该遵循的符号及传播规则,以使视觉符号更有利于传播。     

卡通形象演进成设计符号的妙用

符号是人类进行沟通与情感传达的载体,产品设计中语意传达的应用,是希望通过特定符号的价值来满足消费者心理的、社会的和文化的多种需求。卡通形象演进成特定的设计符号希望通过产品的演绎能够表达特定的语意、情感以及文化内涵,是对产品设计概念的扩展,对产品内涵的进一步丰富。     

Hong Kong Chinese and Korean comprehension of American security safety symbols

This research evaluated Hong Kong Chinese and Korean comprehension of American security safety symbols, and how successfully they could guess the meaning of the symbols in relation to their ratings of the appropriateness of the design of each of the symbols. Symbol comprehension scores, symbol guessing scores, design appropriateness ratings, and demographic information were obtained for 81 Hong Kong Chinese and 60 Koreans. For all the symbols tested, comprehension scores for the Hong Kong Chinese and Koreans were much lower than for Americans. The finding that Americans were better at interpreting American symbols than Hong Kong Chinese and Koreans indicates that problems are likely to arise if such symbols are used by non-Americans. Gender did not affect guessing performance, and success at guessing symbols was not related to the subjective ratings of design appropriateness for the symbols. The findings here reveal the importance of developing security safety symbols with the end users in mind.

Relevance to industry

Designing effective pictorial security safety symbols to cover the many potential situations and scenarios for a specific population is a difficult business. The findings of this study underline the importance of developing security safety symbols with the end users in mind. The results provide useful information to assist in the design of more user-friendly security safety symbols.     

基于信道相关性的半盲信道辨识算法

针对全盲信道辨识算法无法辨识含公零点信道且对信道阶数误差敏感的问题,本文基于信道的CR相关性提出一种简单有效的半盲 信道辨识算法。算法通过输出数据构造相关矩阵W,根据相关矩阵W与信道向量的正交性构造约束方程,并利用少量已知符号和改进的最小二乘（Modified least square,MLS ）准则建立额外的约束,通过最小二乘法求得信道响应的闭式解。该算法有效地克服了全盲信道辨识算法的诸多局限性,避免了传统半盲方法面临的最优加权选择问题,算法复杂度较低且性能稳定,对信道噪声及信道阶数具有较强的鲁棒性。仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性与优越性。     

基于相关系数符号的快速匹配算法*

针对经典灰度相关匹配算法耗时多的缺点,提出一种减少计算次数、提高匹配效率的新方法.该方法是先构造一幅相关图像,然后计算它与基准子图像的互相关数据并利用其符号分离候选匹配点,最后在匹配过程中,根据实时图像与相关图像的相关系数符号来选定匹配点区域,从而减少匹配计算次数,提高匹配速度.理论分析和实验表明,该方法不但能够保持经典灰度相关匹配算法具有较高的匹配精度和较强的抗噪能力的特点,而且大大缩短了匹配时间,使得经典灰度相关算法能够在实际中得以应用.     

A is for apple: Mnemonic symbols hinder the interpretation of algebraic expressions.

This study examined how literal symbols affect students' understanding of algebraic expressions. Middle school students (N = 322) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions in which they were asked to interpret an expression (e.g., 4c + 3b) in a story problem. Each literal symbol represented the price of an item. In the c-and-b condition, the symbols used were the 1st letters of the items (e.g., price of a cake in dollars = c; price of a brownie in dollars = b). In the other 2 conditions, c and b were replaced with nonmnemonic English letters (x and y) or Greek letters (Φ and Ψ). Incorrect interpretations of the expression were most common among students in the c-and-b condition. Moreover, students in this condition were more likely than students in the other conditions to misinterpret the symbols as labels for objects (e.g., c stands for cake). An analysis of participating students' textbooks revealed that mnemonic symbols were used correctly and were not uncommon. Results suggest that the use of mnemonic symbols may hinder students' interpretation of algebraic expressions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Serial position effects in the identification of letters, digits, and symbols.

In 6 experiments, the authors investigated the form of serial position functions for identification of letters, digits, and symbols presented in strings. The results replicated findings obtained with the target search paradigm, showing an interaction between the effects of serial position and type of stimulus, with symbols generating a distinct serial position function compared with letters and digits. When the task was 2-alternative forced choice, this interaction was driven almost exclusively by performance at the first position in the string, with letters and digits showing much higher levels of accuracy than symbols at this position. A final-position advantage was reinstated in Experiment 6 by placing the two alternative responses below the target string. The end-position (first and last positions) advantage for letters and digits compared with symbol stimuli was further confirmed with the bar-probe technique (postcued partial report) in Experiments 5 and 6. Overall, the results further support the existence of a specialized mechanism designed to optimize processing of strings of letters and digits by modifying the size and shape of retinotopic character detectors' receptive fields. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

北京2022年冬奥会文化符号设计与传播价值研究

目的 分析基于符号的传播特性、文化符号的内涵和视觉性,对北京2022年冬奥会文化符号的设计进行分析,旨在为未来冬奥会文化符号的设计提供有益借鉴。方法 以符号学和文化符号为理论基础,从符号的符形与符义、能指与所指等角度,对北京冬奥会文化符号设计理念与造型设计进行分析,引申出北京冬奥会文化符号的意指内涵,从而得出北京冬奥会文化符号的设计特征。此外,北京2022年冬奥会文化符号具有很大的传播价值,可以传递本国的文化价值、彰显深厚的审美价值、凝聚奥林匹克的社会价值。结论 冬奥会文化符号是向世界传递冰雪文化和民族文化的重要媒介,是世界文明进行交流与沟通的桥梁,其设计理念要传承民族传统文化的内涵,设计形式要注重创新和突破,从而实现与世界文化的交融。