FODA — the formal specification of ODA document structures and its use as a basis for conformance testing

The Office Document Architecture (ODA) is an International Standard which is developed by TC 97/sc 18 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in close collaboration with CCITT's Study Group VIII and with ECMA. This paper describes the current state of a formal specification of the ODA document structures by mathematical means and its use for conformance specification and conformance testing.     

Targets and methods for the detection of processed animal proteins in animal feedstuffs

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or ‘mad cow disease’, is one of several transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) known to affect certain mammals and is spread through the ingestion of infected animal tissue. It is believed that the inadvertent contamination of meat and bone meal (MBM) with infected animal tissue and the subsequent use of this material as a feed supplement contributed to the spread of the disease in cattle. As a result, the use of processed animal proteins (PAPs) in animal feeds is regulated in many parts of the world. Although feed testing is the only definitive means to certify compliance, regulatory compliance often relies solely on paper certification. Recently, rapid methods have become available that can be used by regulators to determine compliance during routine inspections. We describe a rapid, immunochromatographic strip test that can detect 0.1% MBM in animal feed. The test takes 15 min to perform and large numbers of samples can be screened for PAPs simultaneously.     

油基钻井液的推广及循环利用

针对普通水基钻井液在钻进中强、强水敏性油藏时会造成储层污染、产量降低的问题,指出了油基钻井液在钻进该类油藏时的优势和其成本高、对生态环境有污染的缺点。为了大面积推广应用油基钻井液,重点介绍了油基钻井液的特性和稳定性影响因素,并通过室内评价证明了油基钻井液在油层保护中的良好效果,着重阐述了油基钻井液在王庄油田的现场应用情况,并探讨了油基钻井液的循环利用技术。研究结果表明,油基钻井液不仅具有良好的油层保护效果,而且具有较好的社会经济效益。     

科研项目管理信息系统的设计

介绍了用自顶向下的结构化方法进行科研项目管理信息系统设计的过程。该系统的应用节省了大量人力、物力和财力,提高了企业科研项目管理水平。     

Prediction of the effects on dynamic response due to distributed structural modification with additional degrees of freedom

The aim of this study is to investigate means of efficiently assessing the effects of distributed structural modification on the dynamic properties of a complex structure. The dynamic properties of the modified structure can be determined by experimental testing or numerical simulation, both of which are complex, expensive and time-consuming. Assuming that the original dynamic characteristics are already established and that the modification is a relatively simple attachment, the modified dynamic properties may be determined numerically without solving the equations of motion of the full-modified structure. The frequency response functions (FRFs) of the modified structure can be computed by coupling the original FRFs and a delta dynamic stiffness matrix for the modification introduced. The validity of this approach is investigated by applying it to a cantilever beam to which a smaller beam is attached as modification. The original FRFs were obtained experimentally as well as numerically. The delta dynamic stiffness matrix was determined numerically by modeling the attachment and part of the original structure including the attachment points. The FRFs of the modified beam were then computed. Good agreement is obtained by comparing the results to the FRFs of the modified beam determined experimentally as well as by numerical modeling of the complete modified structure.     

Design and Characterization of the CLIMPAQ,Chamber for Laboratory Investigations of Materials,Pollution and Air Quality*

A test chamber has been developed in order to provide a small and simple emission testing facility capable of testing construction products in a climate where the important climatic parameters such as temperature, ventilation rate and air velocity can be varied independently around typical indoor values. The test chamber CLIMPAQ is made of panes of window glass. Other main surface materials are stainless steel and eloxated aluminium. The chamber has a volume of 50.9 litres and is designed to meet the requirements for quantifying air pollution. In this investigation human subjects acted as air pollution judges, and chemical characterization of the air pollution was carried out. Carpet, linoleum, wall paint and seal- ant were tested simultaneously in the CLIMPAQ and in four other chambers ranging from a full-scale chamber of 28 m³ to a field and laboratory emission cell of 3.5· 10^?5m³. Product ranking is the same in all chambers for the sensory measurements. Emission rates based on sensory measurements differ for all products less than 100 % except for tests in a 3-litre chamber where emission rates were higher. Chemical measurements differ up to approximately 10 times for the same product in different chambers. Deviations appear to be the result of different environmental parameters in the various chambers. Low air concentrations or high specific ventilation rates seem to increase emissions, while differences in air velocities and sink properties may also be the cause of differences in emission rates.     

Evaluating Community Safety Programmes and Community Engagement: The Role of Qualitative Methods and Collaborative Approaches to Policy Research

This article explores the role of qualitative and collaborative methods when undertaking evaluation research into local community safety partnerships and neighbourhood strategies. It draws on recent examples of research and evaluation studies of regeneration and community safety programmes in a number of cities and towns in England. The discussion is set against the background of the major changes in policy relating to crime and community safety, particularly the introduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and their engagement with local communities. The value of qualitative methods in exploring some key questions is discussed, particularly within a collaborative approach to policy research.     

一种新的无线电高度表原位检测的高度模拟方法

针对目前对高度表进行原位检测的需求,设计了一种新的高度模拟方法;该方法的实现以ARM为核心,通过高度模拟电路产生各种需要的高度电压信号,从而达到高度模拟的目的,并且无需对机载高度表进行拆装,操作简单、快捷、可靠性较高;实验结果表明,这种方法的高度模拟精度较高,具有一定的实用价值和经济效益.     

非线性滤波在射线图像降噪增强中的应用

射线数字成像是当前射线检测与诊断技术发展的方向，图像降噪增强是提高射线成像检测灵敏度和分辨力的关键。重点探讨以排序滤波为代表的非线性滤波图像降噪增强方法，对射线图像的处理表明，线性滤波在降噪的同时会引起较大的边级模糊，而排序滤波不仅降低噪声且能保持图像细节，提高图像质量效果明显。     

从第八次全国热处理大会看我国热处理技术发展的热点

对第八次全国热处理大会的大会报告和交流论文进行了概述和分析，并就有关我国热处理技术发展的热点问题提出了笔者的一些见解。