On learning and development, Piagetian style: I. A reply to Lefebvre-Pinard.

Examines the equilibration theory of Piaget (learning vs development, stage transitions) to make more explicit the methodological foundations of B. Inhelder et al (1974). In this connection, the "problem-solving" learning method used by these authors is analyzed by means of the new concept of "learning loops." Similarly, the successful equilibration learning method used by M. Lefebvre and A. Pinard (1974) is analyzed and shown to involve executive facilitation and chunking (coordination) of 2 crucial schemes. A process-structural model of conservation acquisition previously developed by the present author, and its empirical tests by R. Case (1975) and by G. M. Parkinson (1975), are used to illustrate and to empirically support the process-structural differences theoretically found between these 2 equilibration methods. (54 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

水工混凝土结构裂缝成因挖掘的粗集方法研究

裂缝是水工混凝土结构常见病害之一,针对水工混凝土结构运行期的裂缝问题,应用粗集理论,结合实测资料,对裂缝产生的主要原因进行了系统地研究,提出了裂缝成因挖掘的粗集方法.     

Interplay Between Wetting and Phase Behavior in Binary Polymer Films and Wedges: Monte Carlo Simulations and Mean Field Calculations

Confining a binary mixture, one can profoundly alter its miscibility behavior. The qualitative features of miscibility in confined geometry are ratheruniversal and shared by polymer mixtures as well as small molecules, but the unmixing transition in the bulk and the wetting transition are typically well separated in polymer blends. The interplay between wetting and miscibility of a symmetric polymer mixture via large-scale Monte Carlo simulations in the framework of the bond fluctuation model and via numerical self–consistent field calculations is studied. The film surfaces interact with the monomers via short ranged potentials, and the wetting transition of the semi–infinite system is of first order. It can be accurately located in the simulations by measuring the surface and interface tensions and using Young’s equation. If both surfaces in a film attract the same component, capillary condensation occurs and the critical point is close to the critical point of the bulk. If surfaces attract different components, an interface localization/delocalization occurs which gives rise to phase diagrams with two critical points in the vicinity of the pre-wetting critical point of the semi–infinite system. The crossover between these two types of phase diagrams as a function of the surface field asymmetry is studied. The dependence of the phase diagram on the film thickness Δ for antisymmetric surface fields is investigated. Upon decreasing the film thickness, the two critical points approach the symmetry axis of the phase diagram, and below a certain thickness Δ_tri, there remains only a single critical point at the symmetric composition. This corresponds to a second-order interface localization/delocalization transition even though the wetting transition is of first order. At a specific film thickness, Δ_tri, tricritical behavior is found. The behavior of antisymmetric films is compared with the phase behavior in an antisymmetric double wedge. While the former is the analog of the wetting transition of a planar surface, the latter is related to the filling behavior of a single wedge. Evidence for a second-order interface localization/delocalization transition in an antisymmetric double wedge is presented, and its unconventional critical behavior is related to the predictions of Parry et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:5535 (1999)) for wedge filling. The critical behavior differs from the Ising universality class and is characterized by strong anisotropic fluctuations.Invited paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 022–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

人工神经网络的发展及其应用

介绍人工神经网络的发展历史、主要模型、原理及其在各个领域中的应用。     

高等教育本质三阶段论:基于耗散结构理论的分析

Matin Trow提出的高等教育发展“本质三阶段论”,已在世界教育界获得广泛认同,也正在成为我国高等教育发展的主流思想.本文针对这一具有世界普适性的高等教育发展模式理论,以耗散结构理论的视角和原理进行了系统地解读和分析.     

Review of The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin.

Review of book The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin by Keith E. Stanovich (see record 2004-95228-000). In his interesting scholarly book, The Robot's Rebellion, Stanovich leads us on a journey to find meaning in a world populated by mortal biological vehicles, the robots, put on earth to replicate their masters' selfish genes. If the genes do a satisfactory job programming the robots, then the genes replicate in perpetuity and are, therefore, immortal. Stanovich's basic assumptions are: a) vehicles are designed to replicate genes; b) at least in human animals, the brain houses two minds; c) the first mind, System 1 or The Autonomous Set of Systems, evolved much earlier in evolutionary history than did the second mind, System 2 or the Analytic System; d) System 1 is associative, parallel, fast to respond, and designed to automatically serve its genetic master; e) System 2 is rule-based, serial, slow to respond, not aware of System 1 functioning but sometimes privy to System 1 output, controls executive functioning, and is capable of self-evaluation and leading the rebellion against its genetic master; and, f) memes, culturally generated ideas passed on by nongenetic means, can sometimes be as effective as System 1 at squashing the rebellion. These assumptions are derived from work in cognitive science and evolutionary biology, and provide a solid foundation for the book. Both the metaphor and the basic assumptions are embedded in detailed and informative reviews of decision theory, evolutionary psychology, memetic theory, rational philosophy, and utility theory. The interweaving of metaphor and review provides a framework that allows Stanovich to make inferences to help the general reader understand "the implications of modern science" (p. xi). He also develops criteria to evaluate memes that are needed in his quest to find meaning in human existence. In combination with the basic assumptions, these criteria are used to create an ethical ideology that will be embraced by some readers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sequential Compatibility Effects and Cognitive Control: Does Conflict Really Matter?

Although it is widely accepted that control mechanisms are necessary for human behavior to be adapted, very little is known about how such mechanisms are recruited. A suggestion to fill the gap was put forward by M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, C. S. Carter, D. M. Barch, and J. D. Cohen (2001), who proposed the conflict-loop theory. This theory has been successful in accounting for the reduction of compatibility effects after an incompatible trial: The level of conflict being, on average, higher during an incompatible trial, more control occurs after such a trial. The authors have tested this prediction by sorting the trials on the basis of amount of conflict (quantified by the electromyographic activity) they presented. A reduction of the compatibility effect was observed after incompatible trials, but it was independent of the level of conflict on previous trials, suggesting that the conflict does not trigger changes in executive control. Consequences for the conflict monitoring model are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

走向嵌入式因特网

简要介绍嵌入式系统,嵌入式因特网的概念,以及对嵌入式设备因特网接入的展望     

银行分销渠道整合的位置-产量模型研究

在新金融条件下,如何有效整合银行传统的分销渠道而使其在新的挑战面前不失昔日风采,这是金融理论界和实践界近年来一直在探讨的问题。本文从博弈论的角度,建立一个位置-产量博弈模型来探讨此问题,通过求解博弈模型的均衡解,得出的结论是,当银行产品替代性较大时,银行的分销渠道应尽量分散化;当银行产品具有互补性时。银行的分销渠道应尽量集中化;当银行产品没有替代性或互补性时,银行的分销渠道选择具有较大任意性。据此,分析了我国银行网点设置不合理的原因及提出了有效整合我国银行业分销渠道的两点建议。     

基于VB6．0的灰色建模系统开发及其应用

灰色系统理论是应用广泛的、用于不确定问题建模和不确定信息系统数据挖掘的一门新兴横断学科。基于VB6.0的灰色建模系统的开发填补了灰色系统理论及其应用的空白。文中阐述了该系统的开发思想、应用流程及几个关键技术,并以2002～2005年上海市上网户数预测为例,介绍了其子程序GM(1,1)的用法。该建模系统的开发有利于广大学者应用灰色系统进行建模和数据分析,促进其在应用领域的发展。