高液限粉土砾石防渗心墙施工控制参数的确定

结合印尼Jatigede大坝工程现场施工情况,简述了粘土心墙堆石坝高液限粉土砾石心墙施工控制参数的确定过程,提出了高液限粉土砾石防渗心墙的施工控制参数,可为类似工程提供一定的参考。     

白鹤滩水电站左岸雾化区边坡稳定性分析

为深入研究雾化雨入渗引发的岩体边坡失稳机制,基于白鹤滩水电站高边坡基本地质条件和稳定性控制边界条件,采用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元分析方法,借鉴饱和-非饱和强度理论,研究了边坡在雾化雨条件下的渗流场变化规律。采用严格Janbu法、Sarma法、不平衡推力法对两岸边坡进行二维极限平衡分析,并且综合分析了雾化区边坡岩体及控制性结构面的强度及荷载变化规律,计算得到雾化区边坡在各种工况条件下稳定性变化规律。分析表明,降雨入渗将使边坡坡面浅部的压力水头抬升,坡脚局部饱和区最大水位升高;同时岩体的抗剪强度减小,边坡稳定性明显下降。     

基于RBF多变量时间序列的滑坡位移预测研究

斜坡是一个受到多种因素影响的混沌动力系统,斜坡位移是其内部力学现象的宏观表现,具有很强的不确定性,从而导致难以建立斜坡位移的确定性方程。滑坡是斜坡的一种成因类型,具有相同的系统特性。滑坡经过防治后,其位移的主要外在动力因素除地下水外同时还受到防治设施的控制。滑坡位移及其影响因素所构成的混沌时间序列能够反映滑坡位移动力系统的历史行为。根据观测获得的多变量时间序列重构原滑坡位移动力系统,采用RBF神经网络实现变量间的映射关系,对滑坡位移进行了预测。预测结果对比分析表明:采用多变量时间序列预测模型能对滑坡位移进行有效预测,取得比单变量时间序列预测模型更好的预测效果;多变量时间序列预测模型具有更明确的物理力学意义,更能反映滑坡演化变形的实质特征。     

王希鲁节制闸钢筋混凝土底板施工中的温度与浇筑时间控制

王希鲁节制闸钢筋混凝土底板最小厚度1.5 m,一次浇筑混凝土工程量525 m3,属大体积混凝土。为确保闸底板混凝土不产生施工冷缝和温度裂缝,施工中对温度和浇筑时间进行了严格控制,取得了较好的施工效果。     

某单机无穷大电力系统暂态稳定性分析仿真

电力系统是一个复杂的动态系统,系统一旦出现稳定性问题,可能会在较短的时间内发生严重后果,因此,在电力系统规划、设计、运行等工作中都要进行大量的暂态稳定分析。介绍了电力系统时域仿真数学模型,构建了单机无穷大系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明:故障切除时间越短,发电机阻尼越大,系统越容易稳定,且在单相短路接地故障情况下系统最容易稳定。     

Acoustic evaluation and adjustment of an open-plan office through architectural design and noise control

Arranging office space into a single open room offers advantages in terms of easy exchange of information and interaction among coworkers, but reduces privacy and acoustic comfort. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the acoustic quality of a real open-plan office and to propose changes in the room to improve the acoustic conditioning of this office. The computational model of the office under study was calibrated based on RT and STI measurements. Predictions were made of the RT and STI, which generated the radius of distraction r(D), and the rate of spatial decay of sound pressure levels per distance doubling DL(2) in the real conditions of the office and after modifications of the room. The insertion of dividers between work stations and an increase in the ceiling's sound absorption improved the acoustic conditions in the office under study.     

Cognitive processes in complex tasks: introduction and discussion

This paper points out that the fusional limits of binocular stereoscopic viewing are an important factor, not only determining the reproduction range of stereoscopic images, but also the conformity between the stereoscopic display and stereoscopic vision. Experimental results showed that fusional limits increase in proportion to the field of view angle, and that they are affected not only by the size of the viewing target, but also by the effects that the environment has on the target. These findings explain the differences between binocular vision in real space and binocular vision in a stereoscopic display. Finally, the conditions under which observers arc able to view images of stereoscopic displays without excessive visual strain are discussed.     

Same-different reaction time to stimuli presented simultaneously to separate cerebral hemispheres

This research was concerned with same-different reaction time to two stimuli presented simultaneously, one to the left and one to the right visual field, so that they projected to separate cerebral hemispheres. In experiment 1, subjects compared two colour patches, two colour words, or a colour word with a colour patch. In experiment 2, subjects compared two geometric shapes, two shape words, or a geometric shape with a shape word. Comparisons of two colours or two shapes were faster than comparisons of words that named these attributes. Responses to colours were faster than to shapes, and responses to colour words were faster than to shape words. Within-mode comparisons were faster than between-mode comparisons. Direct access of the separate stimuli to the dominant hemispheres did not produce faster responses.     

A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling

Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major problem in the wood and furniture industry and identification of risk factors is needed urgently. Therefore, exposures to different work tasks and variation in the job were recorded based on an observation survey in combination with an interview among 281 employees working in wood working and painting departments. A questionnaire survey confirmed high frequencies of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system: The one-year prevalence of symptoms from the low back was 42% and symptoms from the neck/shoulder was 40%. The exposure was evaluated based on: (1) classification of work tasks, (2) work cycle time, (3) manual materials handling, (4) working postures, and (5) variation in die job. Among the employees 47% performed feeding or clearing of machines, 35% performed wood working or painting materials, and 18% performed various other operations. Among the employees 20% had no variation in their job while 44% had little variation. Manual materials handling of 375 different burdens was observed, which most often occurred during feeding or clearing of machines. The weight of burdens lifted was 0·5-87·0 kg, where 2% had a weight of more than 50 kg. Among the lifting conditions 30% were evaluated as implying a risk of injury. An additional risk factor was the high total tonnage lifted per day, which was estimated to range from 132 kg to 58 800 kg. Working postures implied a risk of injury due to prolonged forward and lateral flexions of the neck, which was seen most frequently during wood working or painting materials. These data substantiate the finding that work tasks mainly during feeding or clearing of machines imply a risk of injury to the low back and a risk of injury to the neck and shoulder area mainly during wood working or painting materials. Optimal strategies for job redesign may be worked out by using these data in order to prevent occupational musculoskeletal disorders.     

Change of search time and non-search time in X-ray baggage screening due to training

As found in studies of aircraft structural inspection, the time used for judging if a part of an aircraft shows tiny cracks is composed of search time, used for actively scanning, and non-search time, used for matching and decision while fixating a region of interest (Drury et al. 1997 Drury, C. G., Spencer, F. W. and Schurman, D. . Measuring human detection performance in aircraft visual inspection. Proceedings of the 41st annual Human Factors and Ergonomics Society meeting. Albuquerque, NM. pp.304–308. NM. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.  [Google Scholar]). These findings can be applied to detection of threats by X-ray screening of passenger bags at airports. To investigate whether search time and non-search time change when an experienced screener is given additional training in recognising threat objects in passenger bags, data from a European airport were analysed. A comparison of detection performance and reaction time between two large groups of screeners, one trained for 6 months, shows a large impact of training on overall performance and on both search and non-search components of the task. There was also a small but consistent decline in performance measures with screener age. This study shows a way to localise the effect of training on threat detection performance for aviation security screening. Analysis of the time needed for screening each passenger bag showed that training had a significant effect, particularly on the non-search part of the searching process (i.e. identification, recognition, decision, response execution, etc.).