共轭亚油酸食品安全性毒理学试验研究

依据GBl5193—94《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》进行急性毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验和30天喂养试验，研究共轭亚油酸食品安全性毒理。共轭亚油酸对两种性别的SPF级昆明种小鼠经口毒性，一次灌胃量达20g／kg．bw两周内动物未见明显中毒症状，无动物死亡，按急性毒性分级标准规定，该受试物属无毒级。三项遗传毒性试验(Ames、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)结果均为阴性。30天喂养试验结果表明：该受试物0．87、2．20、4．30g／kg．bw剂量(分别相对于推荐人群日摄入量2．6g／kg．bw的20、50、100倍)对wistar大鼠的临床检查，血液学、生化学、脏器重量和系数以及病理组织多样指标无明显影响，未发现该受试物有明显的毒性作用。共轭亚油酸既无毒也无任何副作用。     

ED治疗新药阿伐那非药理毒理研究综述

阿伐那非是一种口服的高选择性磷酸二酯酶-5(PDE5)抑制剂,用于治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)。患者可在进行性行为之前30 min服用该药。它对PED5的作用效果大于其他已知的磷酸二酯酶,对阴茎勃起反应的影响与安慰剂相比显著改善。与其他的PDE5抑制剂一样,阿伐那非与部分降压药物合用是禁忌。阿伐那非无致癌、致突变和生殖毒性。     

The occurrence of autophagic cell death in the tegument of rabbits pre‐infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and exposed to selamectin (active principle of acaricide pfizer revolution®)

Ticks of Rhipicephalus sanguineus species have great medical and veterinary importance for being a vector of various diseases. In an attempt to minimize their action on the host, people have resorted to chemical control by using various acaricides, such as selamectin. Although previous studies have demonstrated its toxic action in domestic animals, no studies focused on the detection of cell death when exposed to selamectin. For this reason, the technique for detecting autophagic cell death was used in order to demonstrate the responses of rabbits' skin tissues pre‐infested with R. sanguineus and exposed to different concentrations of selamectin. The obtained results when exposed to 100 and 80% concentrations of selamectin showed a strong mark of acid phosphatase on the cells of the connective tissue of the dermis and hair follicles, whereas the ones exposed to the 50% concentration had a weak mark on the cells of the connective tissue of the dermis and moderate staining in hair follicles. It became clear that, when used at high concentrations (100 and 80%), selamectin is capable to induce a large scale occurrence of the autophagic cell death process. On the other hand, the concentration of 50% causes minor morphophysiological changes in the skin of rabbit hosts when evaluated the cell death process. Therefore, the data confirms that selamectin is a powerful dose‐dependent toxic agent causes increased activity of the enzyme acid phosphatase. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1171–1176, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Application of mass spectrometry to hair analysis for forensic toxicological investigations

The increasing role of hair analysis in forensic toxicological investigations principally owes to recent improvements of mass spectrometric instrumentation. Research achievements during the last 6 years in this distinctive application area of analytical toxicology are reviewed. The earlier state of the art of hair analysis was comprehensively covered by a dedicated book (Kintz, 2007a. Analytical and practical aspects of drug testing in hair. Boca Raton: CRC Press and Taylor & Francis, 382 p) that represents key reference of the present overview. Whereas the traditional organization of analytical methods in forensic toxicology divided target substances into quite homogeneous groups of drugs, with similar structures and chemical properties, the current approach often takes advantage of the rapid expansion of multiclass and multiresidue analytical procedures; the latter is made possible by the fast operation and extreme sensitivity of modern mass spectrometers. This change in the strategy of toxicological analysis is reflected in the presentation of the recent literature material, which is mostly based on a fit‐for‐purpose logic. Thus, general screening of unknown substances is applied in diverse forensic contexts than drugs of abuse testing, and different instrumentation (triple quadrupoles, time‐of‐flight analyzers, linear and orbital traps) is utilized to optimally cope with the scope. Other key issues of modern toxicology, such as cost reduction and high sample throughput, are discussed with reference to procedural and instrumental alternatives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 32:312–332, 2013     

Ten-year retrospective assessment of the performance of the Food Contact Notification (FCN) programme

The Food Contact Notification (FCN) programme was authorised by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Modernization Act of 1997. Manufacturers may file FCNs for food contact substances (FCSs) not already authorised or pre-sanctioned by the USFDA by demonstrating a reasonable certainty of no harm for their intended uses. The Division of Food Contact Notifications (DFCN) 10-year Retrospective Assessment Group was formed to collect and develop metrics associated with the first decade of the FCN Programme and determine the extent selected aspects of the review process contributed to the effective FCN. Comparative analysis of 924 FCNs revealed that 76% become effective, 23% were withdrawn and 1% received a not accepted status. The focus of the Group was to identify factors impacting the likelihood of an FCN becoming effective.     

毒理学在环境工程中的应用

当今社会环境问题日趋加剧,跨学科合作成为一种必然。把毒理学的知识应用到环境问题中,不但可以解决传统方法无法解决的难题,而且可以给环境标准的修改提供新思路。     

除草剂阿特拉津影响大鼠脏器功能的毒理学研究

试验研究了除草剂阿特拉津对大鼠脏器功能的影响。选用SD大鼠120只．雌雄各半，随机分成4组．分别按每千克体重200mg，100mg，10mg，0mg，设置高、中、低剂量3个处理组和1个对照组，药物配成乳浊液灌胃．并于喂药15d和30d采样测定甲状腺、胸腺、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、生殖腺等脏器与体重的相对比值。实验结果表明：阿特拉津对动物的代谢器官(肝脏、肾脏)具有损伤作用，使其发生退行性病变，中、高剂量组损伤作用尤为明显；阿特拉津使大鼠的免疫器官——胸腺、脾脏发生退行性病变，高剂量组损伤作用最为明显；雄性大鼠睾丸发生退行性病变，雌性大鼠卵巢则出现增生性病变，进而可能影响到大鼠的生殖功能。     

叶黄素咀嚼片毒理学安全性评价

目的:评价叶黄素咀嚼片作为功能性食品食用的毒理学安全性。方法:按照我国卫生部《食品安全毒理学评价程序和检验方法规范》进行急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30 d喂养试验进行毒理学研究。结果:叶黄素咀嚼片对两种性别的ICR小鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量>20.0g/kgbw,按照急性毒性分级标准规定,该受试物属无毒级;遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)均为阴性;30d喂养试验表明,该受试物在0.19、0.38、0.75g/kgbw(分别相当于推荐人群日摄入量的25、50、100倍)剂量时,对SD大鼠的临床检查、血液学、血生化学和脏器重量和系数以及病理组织形态等指标均无明显不良影响。结论:叶黄素咀嚼片具有较好的食用安全性。