试谈我国数字图书馆建设

概述了数字图书馆建设中取得的成绩,并论述了数字图书馆在发展中遇到的问题,最后提出了解决数字图书馆发展中的问题。     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

control with limited communication and message losses

We propose an H^∞ approach to a remote control problem where the communication is constrained due to the use of a shared channel. The controller employs a periodic time sequencing scheme for message transmissions from multiple sensors and to multiple actuators of the system. It further takes into account the information on the random message losses that occur in the channel. An exact characterization for controller synthesis is obtained and is stated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, an analysis on the loss probabilities of the messages to accomplish stabilization is carried out. The results are illustrated through a numerical example.     

The relationship between learning styles and cognitive traits – Getting additional information for improving student modelling

Student modelling is an important process for adaptive virtual learning environments. Student models include a range of information about the learners such as their domain competence, learning style or cognitive traits. To be able to adapt to the learners’ needs in an appropriate way, a reliable student model is necessary, but getting enough information about a learner is quite challenging. Therefore, mechanisms are needed to support the detection process of the required information. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between learning styles, in particular, those pertaining to the Felder–Silverman learning style model and working memory capacity, one of the cognitive traits included in the cognitive trait model. The identified relationship is derived from links between learning styles, cognitive styles, and working memory capacity which are based on studies from the literature. As a result, we demonstrate that learners with high working memory capacity tend to prefer a reflective, intuitive, and sequential learning style whereas learners with low working memory capacity tend to prefer an active, sensing, visual, and global learning style. This interaction can be used to improve the student model. Systems which are able to detect either only cognitive traits or only learning styles retrieve additional information through the identified relationship. Otherwise, for systems that already incorporate learning styles and cognitive traits, the interaction can be used to improve the detection process of both by including the additional information of a learning style into the detection process of cognitive traits and vice versa. This leads to a more reliable student model.     

Using a style-based ant colony system for adaptive learning

Adaptive learning provides an alternative to the traditional “one size fits all” approach and has driven the development of teaching and learning towards a dynamic learning process for learning. Therefore, exploring the adaptive paths to suit learners personalized needs is an interesting issue. This paper proposes an extended approach of ant colony optimization, which is based on a recent metaheuristic method for discovering group patterns that is designed to help learners advance their on-line learning along an adaptive learning path. The investigation emphasizes the relationship of learning content to the learning style of each participant in adaptive learning. An adaptive learning rule was developed to identify how learners of different learning styles may associate those contents which have the higher probability of being useful to form an optimal learning path. A style-based ant colony system is implemented and its algorithm parameters are optimized to conform to the actual pedagogical process. A survey was also conducted to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the system in producing adaptive paths to different learners. The results reveal that both the learners and the lecturers agree that the style-based ant colony system is able to provide useful supplementary learning paths.     

从应用的角度评估MAS体系结构风格

近年来,Agent技术已成为开发复杂系统的一项可行技术,但对MAS体系结构的研究仍然面临着一定的挑战。本文从已有的MAS体系结构风格和开发框架出发,对MAS体系结构风格进行了分析、提取和归类,从应用角度提出了一个评估MAS体系结构风格的框架,并通过两个案例说明了如何利用评估结果为具体应用选择合适的风格。     

话语标记的语体特征研究及应用

话语标记作为一种常见的话语现象,已成为话语分析研究的重要课题。由于研究角度不同,人们对于话语标记的认识和分类至今仍存在较大差异。该文从语体的角度提出假设,认为话语标记具有一定的语体特征。为准确描写话语标记的语体特征,提出了“语体度”的概念。通过对采样话语标记在不同语体的语料中分布情况进行定量分析,证实了相当一部分话语标记具有明显的语体特征,并根据分析结果选择特征向量,采用Rocchio分类法对开放文本进行自动语体分类实验,正确率达到82.9%。事实证明话语标记的语体特征对文本分类具有一定的参考价值。     

电机及拖动基础网络教程的开发与设计

在传统教学中,存在着教师和学生之间缺乏沟通、学生缺乏主动性等问题。随着计算机网络技术的不断发展,传统教学方式越来越突出它的弊端。因此,本文主要介绍电机及拖动基础网络教程的设计和开发,描述具体的教程制作方案及其制作过程,以及制作过程中的研究所获。这种全新的教学方式有很强的实用性、可反复性、交互性等优点,有利于培养学生的自主学习能力和提高教学质量。     

解析惠安女服装的结构美——小柞节约衫、阔腿裤的款式结构和原型制定

本文从服装款式和结构原型的角度对小柞地区的惠安女服装的节约衫和阔腿裤的进行分析,对惠安女服装本身的研究大多是以服装的款式、色彩、纹样等服饰元素为研究对象,但对惠安女服饰结构的研究尚属空白,本文从服装设计学的角度对其最本质的款式和结构进行分析,以期对未来惠安女服饰美学的研究有所帮助,为现代服装设计提供设计素材;同时,为惠安女服装制作基本原型也是民俗服饰学研究手法新的尝试。