Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Deformation of Initial Shell in Soft Contact Continuous Casting Mold Under High Frequency Electromagnetic Field

  Heat transfer and deformation of initial solidification shell in soft contact continuous casting mold under high frequency electromagnetic field were analyzed using numerical simulation method; the relative electromagnetic parameters were obtained from the previous studies. Owing to the induction heating of a high frequency electromagnetic field (20 kHz), the thickness of initial solidification shell decreases, and the temperature of strand surface and slit copper mold increases when compared with the case without the electromagnetic filed. The viscosity of flux decreases because of the induction heating of the high frequency electromagnetic field, and the dimension of the flux channel increases with electromagnetic pressure; thus, the deformation behavior of initial solidification shell was different before and after the action of high frequency electromagnetic field. Furthermore, the abatement mechanism of oscillation marks under high frequency electromagnetic field was explained.     

转换板厚度对高层建筑板式转换结构抗震性能的影响分析

本文以实际工程为例,分析了转换板的厚度对高层建筑结构抗震性能的影响,研究了板式转换的高层结构的受力与变形特点,并且与梁式转换结构进行了比较。本文的研究可以让设计人员能更详细地了解高层建筑板式转换结构的力学性能,为日后的设计提供参考。     

基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化策略

针对现有配电网中分布式光储调度模型存在资源协同不足、求解复杂等问题,提出了一种基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度策略。通过引入储能接入配电网后的功率转移分布因子,提出一种基于系统净能力的储能最优选址计算方法;综合考虑储能的运行特性和分布式光伏的出力不确定性,建立以系统日综合成本和削峰填谷为目标的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度模型;利用二阶锥松弛和Big-M法对潮流约束、储能运行约束进行处理,将原规划模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划问题。以IEEE 33节点系统和西北某实际系统为算例进行仿真分析,结果表明所提方法能在降低负荷峰谷差和日综合成本、平抑负荷波动的同时,显著提高对分布式光伏的消纳能力,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Molecular Hydrogen Enhances Proliferation of Cancer Cells That Exhibit Potent Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response

Molecular hydrogen ameliorates pathological states in a variety of human diseases, animal models, and cell models, but the effects of hydrogen on cancer have been rarely reported. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of hydrogen remain mostly unelucidated. We found that hydrogen enhances proliferation of four out of seven human cancer cell lines (the responders). The proliferation-promoting effects were not correlated with basal levels of cellular reactive oxygen species. Expression profiling of the seven cells showed that the responders have higher gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) molecules than the non-responders. In addition, the responders have higher mitochondrial mass, higher mitochondrial superoxide, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, and higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than the non-responders. In the responders, hydrogen provoked mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Suppression of cell proliferation by rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ETC complex I, was rescued by hydrogen in the responders. Hydrogen triggers mtUPR and induces cell proliferation in cancer cells that have high basal and spare mitochondrial ETC activities.     

大电流系统控制器的设计及其稳定性分析

为在设计核聚变装置EAST纵场电源控制器时,确保电源系统的稳定度和准确度满足设计要求,从大电流系统数学模型着手,建立了系统的传递函数,结合仿真和实验结果,分析了控制器参数的变化对电源系统稳定性的影响。得出当负载为大的电感时,若使用强的积分效果,很可能导致系统不稳定,故在满足系统准确度的前提下,可使用P控制作为这类负载的调节器,同时对于并联电源,均流参数的选择必须保证系统是稳定的。     

Preclinical Evaluation of CAR T Cell Function: In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a rapidly emerging modality that engineers T cells to redirect tumor-specific cytotoxicity. CAR T cells have been well characterized for their efficacy against B cell malignancies, and rigorously studied in other types of tumors. Preclinical evaluation of CAR T cell function, including direct tumor killing, cytokine production, and memory responses, is crucial to the development and optimization of CAR T cell therapies. Such comprehensive examinations are usually performed in different types of models. Model establishment should focus on key challenges in the clinical setting and the capability to generate reliable data to indicate CAR T cell therapeutic potency in the clinic. Further, modeling the interaction between CAR T cells and tumor microenvironment provides additional insight for the future endeavors to enhance efficacy, especially against solid tumors. This review will summarize both in vitro and in vivo models for CAR T cell functional evaluation, including how they have evolved with the needs of CAR T cell research, the information they can provide for preclinical assessment of CAR T cell products, and recent technology advances to test CAR T cells in more clinically relevant models.     

Onset of Darcy‐Brinkman Convection in a Binary Viscoelastic Fluid‐Saturated Porous Layer with Internal Heat Source

The onset of Darcy‐Brinkman convection in a binary viscoelastic fluid‐saturated sparsely packed porous layer with an internal heat source is studied using both linear and nonlinear stability analyses. The Oldroyd‐B model is employed to describe the rheological behavior of binary fluid. An extended form of the Darcy‐Oldroyd law incorporating Brinkman's correction and time derivative is used to describe the flow through a porous layer. The onset criterion for stationary, oscillatory, and finite amplitude convection is derived analytically. There is a competition between the processes of thermal diffusion, solute diffusion, and viscoelasticity that causes the convection to set in through an oscillatory mode rather than a stationary mode. The effect of internal Rayleigh number, relaxation and retardation parameters, solute Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Darcy‐Prandtl number, and Lewis number on the stability of a system is investigated and is shown graphically. The nonlinear theory based on the truncated representation of the Fourier series method is used to find heat and mass transfer. The transient behavior of the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is obtained using numerical methods. Some known results are recovered for the particular cases of the present study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 676–703, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21056     

Development and validation of a coupled heat and mass transfer model for green roofs

This paper describes a dynamic model of transient heat and mass transfer across a green roof component. The thermal behavior of the green roof layers is modeled and coupled to the water balance in the substrate that is determined accounting for evapotranspiration. The water balance variations over time directly impact the physical properties of the substrate and the evapotranspiration intensity. This thermal and hydric model incorporates wind speed effects within the foliage through a new calculation of the resistance to heat and mass transfer within the leaf canopy. The developed model is validated with experimental data from a one-tenth-scale green roof located at the University of La Rochelle. A comparison between the numerical and the experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the model for predicting the substrate temperature and water content variations. The heat and mass transfer mechanisms through green roofs are analyzed and explained using the modeled energy balances, and parametric studies of green roof behavior are presented. A surface temperature difference of up to 25 °C was found among green roofs with a dry growing medium or a saturated growing medium. Furthermore, the thermal inertia effects, which are usually simplified or neglected, are taken into account and shown to affect the temperature and flux results. This study highlights the importance of a coupled evapotranspiration process model for the accurate assessment of the passive cooling effect of green roofs.     

A new and applicable method to calculate mass and heat transfer coefficients and efficiency of industrial distillation columns containing structured packings

Most of the methods developed for efficiency estimation of distillation columns were based on the empirical mass transfer and hydraulic relations correlated to laboratory data. Therefore, these methods cannot estimate efficiency of industrial columns with sufficient accuracy. In this paper, a new and applicable method was developed for calculation of efficiency (and mass and heat transfer coefficients) of distillation columns containing structured packings. This method has potential advantages; e.g., it can calculate efficiency without using any empirical mass transfer and hydraulic correlations and models, and without the need to estimate the operational and hydraulic parameters of column. Therefore, it will be free of errors, limitations, and complexities of such empirical items. In addition, precision of the method does not decrease with increasing complexity of operating conditions and design parameters of column. The method can be used for efficiency calculation of any structured packing, including new ones, in distillation columns.     

Offshore wind power grid connection—The impact of shallow versus super-shallow charging on the cost-effectiveness of public support

Public support for electricity generation from renewable energy sources is commonly funded by non-voluntary transfers from electricity consumers to producers. Apparently, the cost-effective disposition of funds in terms of induced capacity deployment has to be regarded a key criterion for the success of renewable energy policy.