高速机车车辆的车轴数字化超声波探伤系统

针对高速机车车辆车轴的超声波探伤提出一种新的超声波探伤方案．将组合探头装置安装在车轴的端面上,用机油作耦合剂,准确定位,保证探头在扫查时超声波主声束始终穿过车轴的中心线,使主声束与裂纹相交,便可对车轴进行探伤．该系统检测机车车轴具有准确度高,精度高,效率快的特点．     

汉麻原麻的超声脱胶工艺与原理

运用超声技术对汉麻原麻进行脱胶,确定工艺流程和影响汉麻脱胶的主要工艺因素.得出脱胶效果最优的工艺条件为:在温度55℃、质量分数为1.5%的NaOH溶液介质中,频率为28 kHz、功率密度为0.45 W/cm2,并对汉麻超声脱胶原理进行了分析.     

超声波制备TiO2光催化降解气相苯的研究

文章以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用超声波分散450℃焙烧物得到了纳米TiO2光催化剂,以苯为模拟气体,在静态反应装置中考察了该催化剂对气相苯的光催化降解性能。结果表明,采用超声波制备的TiO2光催化剂能显著提高对苯的光催化降解性能,超声波制备的TiO2上苯转化率是搅拌制备的TiO2的1.7倍。BET结果显示超声波制备的光催化剂比表面比搅拌制备的光催化剂高;XRD表征结果表明TiO2呈锐钛型;紫外-可见漫反射结果显示超声波制备的TiO2在可见区吸收增强。     

声参数的高性能混凝土强度推定模型

为研究高性能混凝土的声波传播特性及实现其强度的快速、准确、无损检测,基于超声波检测方法,应用嫩江、多宝山附近的沙石料,对高性能混凝土对声波的扩散性及其抗压性能与声参量之间的模型关系进行了研究.建立了高性能混凝土抗压强度与声速之间的多种数学模型.通过实测检测数据进行验证,满足精度要求.高性能混凝土的非均质性降低,其抗压强度与声速相关性较好,用超声的方法完全可以实现强度的快速推定.同时,也为将来高性能混凝土地区强度推定曲线的建立奠定了研究基础.     

Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field

Bubble collecting, bubble holding and micro-bubble ejecting characteristics of pit structure and the influence of cavitation bubble on the development of erosion pit are investigated by means of high-speed photography experiments. Pits tend to collect and hold wandering cavitation bubbles. The air holding phenomenon of pits can be a destination of the incubation period in the process of cavitation erosion. The holding bubble tends to eject micro-bubbles from the top of holding cavitation bubble, making the pit a source of nuclei. With bubbles being held in pits, the diameters of pits increase rapidly. But in the given experiment condition, there is a specific stable value beyond which the diameter of pits will not increase. This characteristic will be helpful in understanding and predicting the cavitation erosion process. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (Grant No. 2007CB714105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50539060)     

超声波合成羧甲基壳聚糖及表征

采用超声波辐射,以壳聚糖为原料、乙醇为分散介质、一氯乙酸为羧甲基化试剂合成了羧甲基壳聚糖,通过四因素三水平正交实验得出最优合成条件为：mNaOH/m壳聚糖为1．5;mclCH2COOH/m壳聚糖为1．5;反应时间2h;反应温度60℃;采用红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、热重／差热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对产物结构进行了表征．     

基于超声波原理的开孔参数标定系统研究

针对传统的人工丈量方法标定开孔方位角和倾斜角存在操作程序繁琐、稳钻时间长、精度低等问题,设计了基于超声波原理的钻孔开孔参数标定系统。该系统采用超声波渡越时间检测法测量参考点之间的距离,并由单片机解算出钻杆的方位角,选用微机械三轴加速度计测量倾斜角,实现了全自动化的实时跟踪测量及智能化的钻机姿态调整语音指导操作;在误差允许范围内,可快速标定所需开孔参数。该系统提高了开孔参数标定精度、标定效率及煤矿管理水平,降低了矿工劳动强度和煤矿管理成本。     

压电陶瓷在声速测量中的应用

本文论述了压电陶瓷在声速测量中的应用,阐述了几种测量超声波波速的方法。     

超声波技术在农药残留研究中的应用

从超声波萃取和超声波降解两方面，综述了近几年国内外超声波技术在农药残留研究中的应用及研究现状。     

Extrusion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene under ultrasonic vibration field

The effects of polypropylene (PP) and ultrasonic irradiation on the processing and mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are studied. The results show that PP can effectively improve the fluidity and mechanical properties of UHMWPE. The Izod notched impact strength increases from 92 kJ/m² for pure UHMWPE to 109.2 kJ/m² for the blend of UHMWPE with 10 wt % PP. The Young's modulus increases from 528 MPa for pure UHMWPE to 1128 MPa when 25 wt % PP is contained in the blend, and the yield strength also rises when PP is added. The application of ultrasonic vibrations during extrusion can prominently decrease the die pressure and apparent viscosity of the melt, thus increasing the output of extrudate. An appropriate ultrasonic intensity and irradiation time can further promote the mechanical properties, while an overdose of irradiation destroys them. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2628–2632, 2003