塑料材料的摩擦学性能研究综述

述了塑料材料摩擦、磨损的研究概况,详细阐述了摩擦因数、载荷、温度、速度、润滑、表面粗糙度pv值和热性能等因素对塑料材料摩擦性能的影响,介绍了磨损的衡量标准和测量方法.     

短纤维链板式松弛热定型机流场的研究

分析了链板式松弛热定型机的结构及运行特点;通过对链板式松弛热定型机的冷态测试实验,获得了热定型机内部流场气流的速度分布数据,以探讨热定型机内部流场的特点。结果表明:在纤维层上部存在着明显的气流不均匀现象,匀风板上部具有高速气流区;指出热定型风板开孔不合理,导致纤维层上部气流分布不均匀,气流短路使得散热器下部流场分布不均匀;提出改善热定型机匀风板的开孔率,可实现均匀布风的初步方案。     

惰性粒子对水沸腾传热强化的实验研究

通过加入不同种类和体积分率的惰性粒子,在垂直管中进行了水的流动沸腾传热实验,研究了三相流沸腾传热特性。实验中预先对水加热,采用了沸点进料。实验发现,传热膜系数随热通量、液体流量的增加及粒子体积分率的增大而增加。对于不同粒子,这种变化趋势比较一致,但不同粒子对沸腾传热的强化效果不同。实验结果表明:由于固体粒子的存在,强化了沸腾传热,三相流沸腾传热系数是相同条件下汽液二相流沸腾传热系数的1.3—1.7倍。     

Uncertainty in airflow rate calculations due to the use of surface-averaged pressure coefficients

Mean wind pressure coefficients (C_p) are key input parameters for air infiltration and ventilation studies. However, building energy simulation and stand-alone airflow network programs usually only provide and/or use a limited amount of C_p data, which are based on several assumptions. An important assumption consists of using surface-averaged C_p values instead of local C_p values with a high resolution in space. This paper provides information on the uncertainty in the calculated airflow rate due to the use of surface-averaged C_p data. The study is performed using published empirical data on pressure coefficients obtained from extensive wind tunnel experiments. The uncertainty is assessed based on the comparison of the airflow rate (?) calculated using the surface-averaged C_p values (?_AV) and the airflow rate calculated using local C_p values (?_LOC). The results indicate that the uncertainty with a confidence interval of 95% is high: 0.23 ?_AV < ?_LOC < 5.07 ?_AV. In cases with the largest surface-averaged ΔC_p, the underestimation or overestimation is smaller but not negligible: 0.52 ?_AV < ?_LOC < 1.42 ?_AV. These results provide boundaries for future improvements in C_p data quality, and new developments can be evaluated by comparison with the uncertainty of the current methods.     

改进的集对分析水质综合评价方法

针对标准集对分析存在的同异反评语细化问题,利用原创联系度可展性对其进行改进,并建立了地表水水质评价模型,可以得到评价样本对于各水质评价等级的优劣趋同程度。并与模糊评价相结合应用于山西省地表水质评价,并引入差异系数来优化评价指标体系,利用熵权系数法和超标倍数赋权法求得指标的综合权重。将评价结果与灰色聚类法、综合指标法、模糊神经网络法和投影寻踪法的评价结果进行比较,结果表明：改进后的的集对分析评价结果更贴近实际情况,为水环境分析提供了一种更为科学、合理的评价和决策方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

压缩机启动器保护器备用保护系统(IBPS)的市场趋势研究

本文针对冰箱、空调及其压缩机存在的安全保护问题,介绍了压缩机PTC启动器和过载保护器(业内简称两器)的备用保护系统(IBPS)的概念与由来,就市场中现有的IBPS阐述工作原理,分析了亚洲各国的市场需求,并对未来几年IBPS在市场上的需求量作了分析和预测。随着家电企业对安全要求的进一步提高,在日本、韩国企业广泛接受的背景下,IBPS会越来越多地被中国及全球各国家电行业采用。     

A sub‐1V supply CMOS voltage reference generator

An integrated sub‐1V voltage reference generator, designed in standard 90‐nm CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. The proposed voltage reference circuit consists of a conventional bandgap core based on the use of p‐n‐p substrate vertical bipolar devices and a voltage‐to‐current converter. The former produces a current with a positive temperature coefficient (TC), whereas the latter translates the emitter‐base voltage of the core p‐n‐p bipolar device to a current with a negative TC. The circuit includes two operational amplifiers with a rail‐to‐rail output stage for enabling stable and robust operation overall process and supply voltage variations while it employs a total resistance of less than 600 K Ω. Detailed analysis is presented to demonstrate that the proposed circuit technique enables die area reduction. The presented voltage reference generator exhibits a PSRR of 52.78 dB and a TC of 23.66ppm/^°C in the range of ? 40 and 125^°C at the typical corner case at 1 V. The output reference voltage of 510 mV achieves a total absolute variation of ± 3.3% overall process and supply voltage variations and a total standard deviation, σ, of 4.5 mV, respectively, in the temperature range of ? 36 and 125^°C. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种高性能CMOS带隙基准电压源的设计

本文提出了一种采用0.25μm CMOS工艺的高性能的带隙基准参考源。该电路结构简单,性能较好。用模拟软件进行仿真,在tt模型下,其温度系数为9.6 ppm/℃,电源抑制比(PSRR)为-56 dB,电压拉偏特性为384 ppm/V。而在其它模型下,也有较低的温度系数和较高的电源抑制比。     

高原地区数据中心海拔因素对供电系统设计的影响

本文分析了高原海拔和空气等环境因素对数据中心高低压变配电系统、通信电源系统、后备柴油发电机组等电源设备的影响,对高原数据中心的供电设计进行了探讨,提出高原地区数据中心电源设计中应对高原特殊环境采用的应对技术措施。     

低于1×10-6/℃的低压CMOS带隙基准电流源

提出了一种新颖的CMOS带隙基准电流源的二阶曲率补偿技术,通过增加一个运算跨导放大器(OTA),使带隙基准参考电路的电流特性与理论分析相符合,实现低温度系数(TC)的参考电流。该电路采用SMIC0.13μm标准CMOS工艺,可在1.2 V的电源电压下工作,有效面积为0.045 mm2。仿真结果表明,在-40～85℃温度范围内参考电流的温度系数为0.5×10-6/℃;当电源电压为1.1 V时,电路依然可以正常工作,电源电压调整率为1 mV/V。