Sufficient bootstrapping

In this paper, we introduce an idea we refer to as sufficient bootstrapping, which is based on retaining only distinct individual responses, and also develop a theoretical framework for the techniques. We demonstrate through numerical illustrations that the proposed sufficient bootstrapping may be better than the conventional bootstrapping in certain situations. The expected gain by the sufficient bootstrapping has been computed for small and large sample sizes. The relative efficiency shows that there could be significant gain by the sufficient bootstrapping and it could reduce computational burden. Variance expressions for both the conventional and sufficient bootstrapping sample means are derived. Here the word “sufficient” is being used in the sense that it is “sufficient to take just one of any duplicated items in the bootstrap sample” and is not tightly connected to sufficiency in terms of any likelihood perspective. R code for comparing bootstrapping and sufficient bootstrapping are provided. A huge scope of further studies is suggested.     

矩形乘法器的另一结构设计

文章给出了矩形乘法器的另一个结构设计,该设计在计算速度上优于文献[1]的方案而劣于文献[2]的方案,在流水线分级方面则比文献[2]的方案有灵活性。这一实现把大整数乘的数据相关之时间代价降为1个二选一选通器加上3位加法器所需的时间,即把乘法器流水线的节拍时间值降到了该值,从而大大提高了用流水线实现大整数乘的效率。在某些应用中,用矩形乘法器来实现平行四边形乘法器的功能,则可大大降低规模。     

DS1820在网络中心机房温控中的应用

基于当空调停止运行 ,服务器由于 UPS的断电保护而继续运行 ,许多高端设备很容易因高温而永久性损坏的事实 ,而提出了一种采用 DS182 0 ,能在 - 5 5℃至 +12 5℃间以 9的二进制直接输出温度值的校网络中心机房所用温控技术。当机房温度达规定上限时 ,可实时正常关闭服务器 ,进而实现温控目的。     

Automated computation and consistency checking of physical dimensions and units in scientific programs

Physical dimensions and units form an essential part of the specification of constants and variables occurring in scientific programs, yet no standard compilable programming language implements direct support for automated dimensional consistency checking and unit conversion. This paper describes a conceptual basis and prototype implementation for such support within the framework of the standard Fortran 90 language. This is accomplished via an external module supplying appropriate user data types and operator interfaces. Legacy Fortran 77 scientific software can be easily modified to compile and run as ‘dimension‐aware’ programs utilizing the proposed enhancements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preferred VDT workstation settings, body posture and physical impairments

In a field study an adjustable VDT workstation was given to each of the 68 operators for one week. The preferred settings, the body postures and subjective evaluations were assessed during normal working activities of the operators. The preferred ranges disclose the following figures: keyboard height (home row above floor) 71-87 cm, screen height (centre above floor) 92-116 cm, viewing angles (eye to screen centre) + 2 to -26 degrees, visual distance (eye to screen) 61-93 cm. There was practically no correlation between preferred settings and anthropometric data of body length or eye levels above floor. The study of body postures revealed that the great majority of operators tend to lean backwards with trunk inclinations between 97 degrees and 121 degrees (95% confidence interval). Some of the preferred settings strongly differ from those recommended in many brochures and standards. The physical complaints in the neck-shoulder and back area are diminished with the preferred settings.     

栏杆水电站小型轴伸贯流式水轮机增容改造设计

新疆栏杆水电站由于当时水轮机设计、制造技术落后,转轮效率低,过流能力差,总的能量指标偏低,自上世纪90年代建厂以来,发电机原设计满负荷出力500 kW只能达到480 kW;另外电站所在地河流泥沙含量多,过流部件容易磨损,效率不断下降至使发电机出力逐年下降,至改造前出力仅达到300 kW;其中导叶、转轮等核心部件需经常维修、更换,进一步造成电站经济效益差。根据以上电站实际情况和电站方的要求,舜飞公司从2010年12月开始对栏杆电站2台水轮机整机进行了增容改造设计,于2011年9月水轮机整机改造完成并发电运行,发电机单机满负荷出力增容到了560 kW。     

龙滩水电站励磁系统国产化改造及新技术应用

从巨型机组励磁系统设备维护的经济性、技术服务的快捷性、设备升级改造的方便性以及对核心控制技术的可控性等方面考虑,龙滩水电站机组励磁系统的国产化改造显得尤为迫切。对龙滩水电站700MW机组励磁系统进行了国产化改造,介绍了改造实现方法和相关新技术的应用。     

枕头坝电站大型轴流转桨机组快速装机对标研究

为了实现枕头坝一级水电站首台机快速装机并提前投产发电的目标,采用对标管理方式,以深溪沟水电站的快速装机技术参照体系,提出了枕头坝电站轴流转桨机的具体装机措施。介绍了深溪沟电站机组各主要部件的具体安装工序,并对安装过程中所遇到的问题和相应的处理措施进行了总结。在此基础上提出,枕头坝一级水电站必须采用构建强有力的组织协调机构、紧抓机组安装关键线路和确保设备图纸及时供应等措施,加速推进机组安装进程,以期实现提前投产发电的目标。     

不同装机容量火电机组能效随不同量纲参数变化的研究

根据能够适用于计算任意多元组合扰动对于结构发生变化的热力系统经济性影响的能效分析模型,使用MathCAD软件,编制出用于预测在任意多元组合扰动下的热力系统能效变化幅度和分布规律的实用程序,通过对600 MW火电机组的实例计算验证了该程序的正确性,以600 MW、660 MW、1 000 MW三个机组为例进行了计算,借助该程序分析预测了不同装机容量火电机组能效在不同工况下随重要局域性和广域性多元组合扰动的变化规律,为火电机组优化设计、经济运行以及检修改造提供参考。     

6 MW抽凝汽轮机组DCS＋DEH改造及其效果

某公司2台6MW抽凝式汽轮机组采用常规仪表和液压调节系统控制,存在控制精度较低、检修维护量大、现场调试困难等问题,不能达到最佳热电分配.为此,将机组常规仪表控制改造为DCS控制、液压调节系统改为DEH系统,实现DCS＋ DEH一体化设计.结果表明：改造后的控制系统能做到数据共享,达到机组热电负荷跟踪控制和节能优化调节的效果,降低节流损失和乏汽损失,提高了汽轮机热效率和机组经济性,每年可节约标煤3 279 t、节水30000 t,经济效益和社会效益非常显著.