土工格栅与铜矿尾矿界面作用特性的实验研究

钢塑复合土工格栅的加筋效果好于其它筋材的原因在于其表面结构特性,在生产过程中塑料表面处理时,肋条压制成粗糙的花纹,以增强格栅表面的粗糙程度,提高CATT钢塑复合土工格栅与土体的摩擦系数。它与土之间不仅存在表面摩擦力,而且还存在镶嵌咬合力,从而增强加筋土体的稳定性。文中以不同规格的钢塑复合土工格栅作为加筋材料,以有色金属铜矿的尾矿作为填料土,通过拉拔实验,研究钢塑复合土工格栅与铜矿尾矿填料土的界面作用特性,获得了筋--土之间的剪切强度系数(C、φ)、似摩擦系数f*等结果,并对它们的影响因素进行了分析与探讨。     

A mathematical model for predicting the soil nitrogen status under varying fertilizer practices in a continuous cropping sequence

A mathematical model has been proposed for predicting the changes in soil nitrogen status due to continuous fertilization in a continuous cropping sequence. The model also enabled the prediction of the steady state of soil nitrogen for a specified fertilizer practice.The model was applied to six years nitrogen availability data of four fertilizer practices in finger millet-maize-cowpea sequence followed in the Long Term Fertilizer Experiments conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. The agreement between the predicted soil nitrogen status by the model and the actuals was proved by employing reliability index.     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

Surface activity of the lipid products hydrolyzed with lipase and phospholipase A-2

We examined thein vitro surface activity, immersional wettability and adhesional wettability shown by aqueous solutions of soy lysophospholipid (SLP)/monoglyceride (MG)/fatty acid (FA), SLP/FA and SLP/MG, and found that many lipid mixtures showed significant surface activity when their MG and FA components consisted of polyunsaturated FA and/or medium chain FA. The more unsaturated the FA, the higher the surface activity. A mixture of SLP/medium chain fatty acid MG (medium chain MG)/medium chain FA showed the highest surface activity, and was comparable to an Aerosol-OT surfactant, the most effective wetting agent. SLP/polyunsaturated FA monoglyceride (polyunsaturated MG)/polyunsaturated FA, SLP/medium chain FA, and SLP/polyunsaturated FA, SLP/medium chain MG, and SLP/polyunsaturated MG also showed a high degree of activity. Wettability decreased rapidly when the amount of saturated, long chain FA moieties increased. It is recognized that the degrees of unsaturation and the chain length of FAs in the lipid mixtures have a decisive influence on surface activities. Higher ratios of MG and FA to SLP gave higher activity; and solubilizers such as bile salts were necessary to dissolve them in water.     

饱和正冻土多孔多相介质的理论构架

通过对冻土多孔多相微元体的平衡方程、各相成分之间的变形协调方程 ,推导出冻土体 (考虑土骨架与冰颗粒之间相互作用力---冻胀力 )的有效应力原理、正冻土单元的连续性方程及各相成分的能量转换与传递方程 ;在此基础上提出了正冻土的控制微分方程的理论框架 ,从而建立了在多孔固液介质的质量守恒方程与多孔多相介质的热、能守恒方程的基础上的全面考虑冻土中骨架、冰、水三相介质水、热、力与变形真正的耦合作用的数理方程 ,比当前国际流行的正冻土流体动力学模型、刚冰模型和热力学模型更全面地描述了正冻土的水、热、力与变形的实际状态     

利用温度和植被指数进行地物分类和土壤水分反演

首先利用地物表面温度和植被指数，成功地对北京精准农业示范区内生长旺盛小麦、稀疏小麦、池塘水体、水草、淤泥和裸露土壤等6种地物进行了分类，其次，利用地物表现温度（LST）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）作为坐标系，建立LST－NDVI三角形分布的散点图，分析了散点图的地物特征分布及其物理意义，与植被的红外和近红外两个特征波段构造的散射图相比，同类样本的离散度更小，不同类别样本之间的距离更大。最后，提出了植被指数－－表面温度的土壤水分反演模型，结合地面采样数据成功地反演了实验区内作物地块的土壤水分。     

土壤湿度智能化监控装置设计

针对节水灌溉问题,利用单片机实现智能化自动浇灌装置设计,可实时监测、显示土壤湿度值;并根据作物生长特性需要进行适时、适量灌水,可对土壤湿度进行精确控制,优化作物生长环境,提高产量.     

Effects of cultivar and soil fertility on grain protein yield,grain protein content,flour yield and breadmaking quality of wheat

Grain protein content affects the flour yield and breadmaking characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). In this study, grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield and loaf volume were quantified for four wheat cultivars (Inia, Carina, Kariega and SST 86) grown under six different soil fertility regimes in a long-term fertilisation and irrigation experiment at the University of Pretoria. The experimental design was a randomised complete block replicated four times, with fertility as the main plots and cultivars as the subplot treatments. Grain protein yield, flour yield, loaf volume and mixograph dough peak mixing time varied among cultivars and soil fertility situations. Grain protein content differed among cultivars, but mixograph water absorption and dough characteristics did not differ. The highest grain protein yield was 873 kg ha⁻¹ for Carina and the lowest 527 kg ha⁻¹ for SST 86. Grain protein content averaged 131 g kg⁻¹ for Carina and 122 g kg⁻¹ for Kariega. Breadmaking performance showed that in a well-balanced soil fertility situation, Kariega produced 1025 cm³ of loaf volume while Inia averaged 950 cm³. Grain protein yield increased with increasing soil fertility, but grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume, water absorption and mixograph peak mixing time varied with soil fertility. The interaction between cultivar and soil fertility was significant for grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume and water absorption but not dough peak mixing time. The results indicate cultivar differences in breadmaking quality characteristics and that soil fertility status affects grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume potential and water absorption but not mixograph peak mixing time and dough characteristics. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

石灰稳定法处理过湿土路基试验研究

苏南平原地区土层的含水量高、粘粒含量高、变形大，一般不能直接作为高等级公路的路基。为了降低建设费用，充分利用当地材料作为路基填土，公路施工中广泛使用土中掺入石灰作为改良土的性质的方法。文章介绍苏州的两种天然土、控制含水量的素填土和不同石灰掺入量的石灰稳定土的回弹模量试验，结果表明天然土和素填土的回弹模量较低且随含水量的增加而迅速降低；石灰稳定土的回弹模量与土类、土的压实度、石灰含量、养护龄期等有显著的关系。     

太平溪小流域水土保持蓄水减沙效益初步研究

太平溪小流域地处三峡库乎宜昌县西部，距三峡坝５ｋｍ的长江西陵峡北岸，治理前水土流失严重，大量坡面商沙以沟道推移直接进入三峡库区。