Stability of perovskite materials and devices

Due to the excellent optoelectronic properties, organic–inorganic perovskites have drawn much attention and have been applied in different electronics with remarkable performance. However, the poor stability creates a massive barrier for the commercialization of perovskite electronic devices. In this review, we discuss intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing instabilities of perovskites and perovskite devices such as solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), ionizing radiation detectors, transistors, memristors and sensors. We further review the stabilization approaches, including composition engineering, adoption of lower dimensional compositions, quantum dots, interface engineering, defects engineering and so on.     

Stanley B. Floresco: Award for distinguished scientific early career contributions to psychology.

The American Psychological Association 2010 Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology was awarded to Stanley F. Floresco, for his outstanding and innovative research on neural mechanisms linking brain activity to critical cognitive functions including risk-based decision making, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and other aspects of executive function. His novel findings form an empirical base for understanding how neural pathology may underlie aspects of psychotic behavior and as such validate neuropsychopharmacological approaches to mental ill health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Experimental approaches for the estimation of uncertainty in analysis of trace inorganic contaminants in foodstuffs by ICP-MS

Total Diet Studies to estimate dietary exposure to food contaminants need to evaluate laboratory measurements data variance. In this process it is critical that data from analytical methods are reliable to correctly scrutinize and compare values over time and between countries. In Europe it is widely recognized that the evaluation of measurement uncertainty is an important parameter when assessing the sources of analytical data variability. Two approaches are considered to estimate uncertainty in analytical measurement. Arsenic, Lead, Chromium and Cadmium, content in several food matrix determined by Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) microwave digestion assisted, are used as examples. The aim of the present research work is to compare both approaches accepted by Eurolab and GUM: Mathematical modeling to assess uncertainty components based on a classical model (bottom up) and an empirical method (top down), based on either experimental data obtained from a single laboratory validation data or inter-laboratory data from Proficiency Testing schemes. Relative expanded uncertainty calculated by both approaches agree when U (%) <20%. These values are concordant with RSD_R reported in collaborative studies of EN 15763 (2009), which were assumed as target uncertainty. The top down approach described is simple and easy to use when compared with the mathematical modeling approach providing considerable benefits to those who assess data produced by several laboratories.     

Linear circuits: a measurement‐based approach

This paper proposes a new measurement‐based approach that can solve synthesis problems in unknown linear circuits. The method makes use of a small number of measurements to determine the functional dependency of any circuit signal or variable on any set of design variables. Once the functional dependency is obtained, the design requirements can be applied to find the design parameter values. The results are described for linear direct current and alternating current circuits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市空间特色规划的途径与方法

城市空间特色指的是一座城市的物化环境形式明显区别于其他城市的空间个性特征,其规划任务是通过对城市特色资源的挖掘和提炼,以城市整体的物质空间美学个性作为规划导向,建构良好且独具特色的城市空间格局形态和形体空间环境。本文阐述了城市空间特色的技术框架和研究范围,提出以魅力模型的方法构建城市空间特色的结构;以特色要素比较矩阵的方法,从不同尺度探求城市空间不可复制性的独特价值;以历史地图解析的技术挖掘与追溯隐含在历史文脉中的空间特色根植性;以多因子叠合的方法探寻现状城市空间特色要素;以特色资源分级评价技术精确划分特色要素等级;以管理单元导则的编制引导城市特色空间的建设控制。据此可明确城市空间特色规划的基础分析、特色评价、空间梳理、规划调控和导则编制途径,初步建立城市空间特色规划的工作方法,并可使之进一步拓展和调整,以适应不同城市的需求。     

谈公路土方工程对填方料的要求与试验方法

论述了公路路基与底基层对填料的要求,结合实际试验数据,主要对填料的级配模数、线性收缩、击实度与CBR的试验方法进行了分析,通过试验结果分析,证明了该填料选择能够满足公路工程施工要求。     

从“三权”角度透析地方政府土地违法行为

近年来,在土地违法案件中,地方政府违法占地问题比较严重。本文从立法、行政、司法等方面分析地方政府土地违法现象产生的原因,同时指出其造成的后果,在此基础上试图寻找出治理地方政府土地违法现象的对策,为加强土地管理工作提供参考。     

一类一阶脉冲微分方程积分边值问题

考虑具有两个函数差的一阶脉冲微分方程积分边值问题极值解的存在性,通过上下解方法和单调迭代技术得到了边值问题存在耦合极大解(-β)和极小解(-α)的充分条件.利用脉冲微分不等式理论,给出了边值问题存在唯一解,即α=β的充分条件.本文结果包含了具有两个函数差的常微分方程初值问题(当Ik=Gk=0,λ1=λ2=0时),常微分方程积分边值问题(当Ik=Gk=0,g=0,λ1=0,λ2=±1时),一阶脉冲微分方程反周期边值问题(当g=0,Gk=0,λ2=d=0时)的相关结果.     

浅议计算机辅助太阳能光伏建筑一体化设计方法*

光伏建筑一体化（BIPV)指光伏组件集成于建筑,BAPV指光伏组件附着于建筑。两种类型相比BAPV出现早,是较为传统的光伏建筑。BAPV的设计侧重于光伏系统设计,无法满足光伏建筑一体化的设计要求。探讨了利用Ecotect和PVsyst软件辅助光伏建筑一体化设计的内容和方法,主要分为基础资料收集、规划和场地设计、光伏建筑一体化的方案设计、光伏组件的构造、系统设计及相关专业设计5个阶段。前3个阶段由建筑师完成,第四个阶段由建筑师和电气工程师完成,最后一个阶段由相关专业的工程师完成。     

长三角城市群的空间组织特征与规划取向探讨——基于企业联系的实证研究

在“流动空间”及“全球城市区域”等理论概念的指引下,运用城市网络研究方法,对长三角各县市单元以企业分支机构空间数据为支撑的网络联系进行定量分析,从而获得对长三角城市群内部空间组织特征与演变趋势的认知.研究表明,自2001年以来,长三角城市群的空间组织关系呈现出不断强化的网络化特征.在演变进程中,上海在长三角城市群中的核心地位得到了巩固,网络能力不断提升;以上海为中心的跨省域近域都市圈也已形成且不断发育;而南京、杭州作为省会城市在其各自省域范围内的中心功能和核心功能腹地亦很显见.在省会以下层面的地级城市则越来越多地表现出专业化节点的功能特征,其本级城市和直接腹地空间则受到了多个强中心的辐射而同时融入了不同都市圈;总体而言,在市场经济的自组织作用力下,长三角区域空间的网络化格局日趋显著.文章最后基于实证研究的结论,对我国城市群发展规划的要义、趋势和取向做若干探讨.