The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis: A synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence.

This article presents a potential synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence through consideration of the phenomena of ability differentiation and integration. The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis proposes that these effects result from a life history tradeoff between cognitive integration effort, a mating effort component associated with strengthening the positive manifold amongst abilities; and cognitive differentiation effort, a somatic effort component associated with the cultivation of specific abilities. This represents one of two largely independent sources of genetic variance in intelligence; the other is mediated by general fitness and mutation load and is associated with individual differences in levels of 'genetic g'. These two sources (along with a common source of environmental variance) combine to give rise to a variety of cognitive phenotypes characterized by different combinations of high or low levels of 'genetic g' and cognitive specialism or generalism. Fundamental to this model is the assumption that measures of life history speed (K) and g are essentially independent, which is demonstrated via meta-analysis of 10 studies reporting correlations between the variables (ρ = .023, ns, n = 2056). The implications of the model are discussed in an evolutionary, ecological, and developmental context. Seven key predictions are made in the discussion which if tested could provide definitive evidence for the hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exploring the universality of personality judgments: Evidence from the great transformation (1000 BCE–200 BCE).

We examined whether personality judgments were present in texts of the diverse religious and philosophical traditions that emerged during the Great Transformation, an era spanning roughly 1000 BCE to 200 BCE. Some psychologists have suggested that the tendency of humans to judge personality has evolved; if some ancient societies failed to record personality judgments, it would be evidence against such an evolutionary position. In addition, learning about the prevalence and specifics of ancient personality judgments can help psychologists better understand the prehistory of personality psychology. Eight cultural traditions were studied: two each from China (Confucianism, Taoism), Greece (Classical and Hellenistic philosophy), India (Buddhism, Hinduism), and the Middle East (Judaism, Zoroastrianism). We found evidence that personality judgments were an important aspect of all of these traditions. Not only did people judge one another, but they also offered instructions on how to judge others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microstructure Evolution as an Effect of Strain Reversal During the Hot Deformation of Microalloyed Steels

Susceptibility of the steel for further cold processing strongly depends on the whole prior history of deformation in the hot working regime.In the industrial hot working processes,e.g.at the roughing stage of hot rolling,or forging,material undergoes complex deformation modes that leads to gradients of both microstructure and properties across the deformed cross-section.Torsion and multiaxial compression tests with different amounts of strain reversals were conducted at elevated temperatures to study the effect of applied strain path on the phenomena occurring during microstructure evolution of Nb-microalloyed steels.Gathered results will provide data for the modification of existing constitutive equations that mostly do not account for the strain path changes.Better through-process modelling will then enable to achieve better properties and quality of the products for further cold processing.     

关于主城区电网下地问题的研究

本文根据重庆市渝中区电网下地规划、实施案例,从而总结分析研究主城区电网下地的方案比选以及具体实施步骤及其关键环节。     

隐退的岗丘(一)

本文从一张大连的旧照片说起,通过描绘和分析人们对于高差与坡度的感觉改变,讲述了在大连城市开发中自然地貌特征的逐渐隐退。     

城中村问题调查与分析

以华北地区为主要研究对象,对秦皇岛山东堡地区进行了深入调研,从中发现城中村存在的一些共性问题,通过分析找出了症结所在并提出合理的解决方案。     

区域能源互联网的发展现状与政策建议

多能耦合型区域能源互联网有利于提高能源利用效率,促进就近消纳可再生能源和降低污染物排放。区域能源互联网的发展需要更有效的政策措施体系。对中国多能耦合型区域能源互联网发展现状进行系统分析,从投资主体、技术应用、重点市场、相关政策等4个方面总结目前发展阶段的特点,并识别出目前存在的技术问题、政策问题和运营问题等关键问题。分析国外为解决这三类问题所积累的政策措施经验,包括规划、跨部门协作、法规、补贴政策、示范项目政策等。针对中国区域能源互联网发展存在的问题,参考国际上成功的政策经验,为中国区域能源互联网发展提出4点政策建议。     

用户呼叫数据在移动网络规划中的应用

简要介绍了利用移动网络里的用户呼叫历史记录进行大数据挖掘的方法;通过网络维度对现有2G/3G网络的负荷及忙的区域进行分析;通过用户维度侧重于对网络中的用户终端类型、终端能力、用户分布区域等进行分析;网络维度和用户维度两者相结合的贴近用户的网络价值分析,提高了网络规划和优化的可预见性,为精准化网络建设提供有力支撑。     

基于模糊综合评价法的城市人居环境评价体系研究

为了对城市人居环境质量做出科学、客观的评价,提出一种改进的模糊综合评价模型,将模糊数学理论应用于环境质量的评价中,结合城市人居环境的特点建立多目标指标体系,采用层次分析法与群体决策相结合来确定指标权重,应用贴近度法确定评价等级。并且结合具体的实例对模型进行了应用,获得了较准确、客观的评价结果,为促进城市人居环境质量的改善提供可靠的决策支持。