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31.
This article is the second of two papers that review the field of spatially sensitive social scientific research into the links between social status and transport disadvantage. The first paper undertook a comprehensive review of the social scientific and transport planning literature to mark the level of development in the field and identify conceptual and methodological issues and constraints in this field of inquiry. The present article supports the advancement of socially and geographically sensitive transport research by opportunities for the development of more sophisticated spatial analytical methodologies. The approach we present is able to account for factors not previously addressed in either social or transport planning research, in particular the temporal dimensions of transport service accessibility. The article articulates the methodology through an empirical case study of socio-spatial transport disadvantage within the Gold Coast City. The article demonstrates that there are important theoretical and practical lessons to be gained for researchers and policy makers in addressing the social dimensions of transport and infrastructure provision. Further, the article argues that an attentiveness to new ways of combining and representing social and transport data-sets can promote policy relevant empirical social inquiry. The article also contributes in a productive way to the empirical knowledge of Australia's sixth-largest metropolitan area, which is often overlooked by urban scholars. 相似文献
32.
Paulo S. André António L. Teixeira Armando N. Pinto Lara P. Pellegrino Berta B. Neto José F. Rocha Joäo L. Pinto Paulo N. Monteiro 《ETRI Journal》2006,28(2):257-259
In this letter, we will evaluate the performance degradation of a 40 km high‐speed (40 Gb/s) optical system, induced by optical fiber variations of the chromatic dispersion induced by temperature changes. The chromatic dispersion temperature sensitivity will be estimated based on the signal quality parameters. 相似文献
33.
揭示了城市环境的基本性质的基本特征,研究了城市环境对人的心理影响和生理影响。指出城市环境建设不公要满足人的物质需要,还要满足人的精神需要。 相似文献
34.
Kai Kang 《Fire Technology》2007,43(4):331-346
This paper presents an emergency evacuation analysis during a mid-platform train fire in an underground rail station. A time-based
evacuation scenario is developed taking into account the stairway inaccessibility due to smoke blockage. The calculation approach
in NFPA 130 is then applied to a parametric study of this time-based scenario and its reliability is examined using a micro-simulation
model. Both methods give consistent predictions of the exiting times. The results demonstrate that with the division of the
station into two zones, the exiting time could not meet the code requirements, whereas it does meet the required exiting time
without the division. Such division is due to smoke blockage and creates an uneven ratio of the occupant load to the available
exiting capacity. This shows that appropriate consideration of the fire and smoke effects is important for station egress
evaluation. Other issues such as the fire growth rate and the pre-evacuation time are also discussed. 相似文献
35.
Costas Chaikalis 《Wireless Personal Communications》2007,41(1):77-97
Reconfiguration concept represents reconfigurable functionalities of the radio interface for mobile radio systems. Particularly
for the physical layer, some possible reconfigurable architectures can be identified. We focus on outer interleaving for turbo
codes, which can improve their performance in flat Rayleigh fading environment. The larger the number of columns in the outer
interleaver, the better is the performance, but with the penalty of more complexity and delay. Furthermore, an incorrect choice
of the number of columns can increase the bit and frame error rates. Therefore, it would be advantageous to reconfigure the
outer interleaver in different operating environments with the optimum number of columns. Using two different data frame lengths,
in this contribution simulation results are presented for the four possible outer block interleaver configurations specified
for the 3GPP mobile standard in the case of flat Rayleigh fading channel. It is shown that different operating environments
require an optimum number of columns in terms of bit error rate and frame error rate performance. Finally, frame fade duration
is considered and the effect of the product of the Doppler frequency with the frame duration on the performance for the four
different 3GPP outer block interleaver configurations is discussed.
Costas Chaikalis was born in Athens, Greece, on March 7, 1973. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering in 1995 from Technological
Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. He also received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Department of Electronics and Telecommunications,
University of Bradford, Bradford, UK in 1999 and 2003, respectively. During his doctoral studies he worked as a Research Assistant
for Mobile Virtual Center of Excellence (Mobile VCE), Terminals Group, UK. Since 2003, he is a lecturer in the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. His research interests are in all areas of
mobile communications but especially in forward error correction coding, reconfigurable (software radio) architectures, cross
layer architectures and DSP applications. 相似文献
36.
Open window buses without air-conditioning are a major mode of urban and inter-city transport in most countries. High occupancy
combined with hot and humid conditions makes travel in these buses quite uncomfortable. In this study air flow through a bus
has been studied that could be the basis for low cost and eco-friendly methods of increasing passenger comfort and possibly
reduce drag. The aerodynamics of such a road vehicle has not been studied as previous investigations have been confined to
vehicles with closed windows that present a smooth exterior to air flow. Using a 1:25 scaled Perspex model of an urban bus
in Delhi, flow visualization was performed in a water channel. The Reynolds numbers were one-tenth of a real bus moving at
10 m/s. Smoke and tuft visualizations were also performed on an urban bus at 40 km/h. Numerical simulations were performed
at the actual Reynolds number. Even though there were Reynolds number differences, the broad features were similar. Air enters
the bus from the rear windows, moves to the front (relative to the bus) and exits from the front windows. Inside air velocity
relative to the bus is about one-tenth of the free-stream velocity. The flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady. 相似文献
37.
Hermann Knoflacher 《Sadhana》2007,32(4):293-307
Technological determinism has become a kind of religion for many people since it appears to offer solutions for societal problems
as never before in history. Transport is one of the fascinating technology branches developed during the last 200 years. Effortless
movement over long distances has become possible for car users as long as cheap fossil energy is available. However, the effect
of fast transport on urban structures and society was not taken into account when developing these technical means. Technologists
and economists have used indicators for expected benefits of these fast transport modes without taking into account the real
system effects on society and urban structures. Plausible assumptions and hopes instead of scientific understanding of the
complex system are used in practice. In contradiction to widely held beliefs of transportation planners, there is actually
no growth of mobility if counted in number of trips per person per day, no time saving by increasing speed in the system,
and no real freedom of modal choice. Modal choice is dependent on physical and other structures, the artificial environment
built by urban planners, transport experts and political decisions. The core hypothesis of traditional urban and transport
planning ‘growth of mobility’, ‘travel time saving by increasing speed’ and ‘freedom of modal choice’ are myths and do not
exist in the real urban and transport system. This is the reason why urban planning and transport planning based on traditional
non-scientific assumptions is creating continuously not only more transport problems, but also environmental and social as
well as economic problems all over the world, where these principals are applied. Urban transport planning in Europe, understanding
the transport system and the solutions are presented in this paper. 相似文献
38.
重轨钢非铝脱氧工艺研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了攀钢重轨钢非铝脱氧工艺,在满足钢中脆性夹杂物控制的前提下,采取“预脱氧+终脱氧”的工艺,达到钢液脱氧良好,钢轨内部质量大幅提高,钢轨T[O],[Al]及氧化物夹杂评级完全满足200km/h高速铁路钢轨标准的要求。 相似文献
39.
城市化进程中的小城镇交通初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对小城镇城市结构、路网结构、交通结构和交通管理特征进行详细分析,得出小城镇交通问题症结所在,并初步提出小城镇交通规划和交通治理的对策。 相似文献
40.
中国光纤通信技术的研究、应用和发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要从光纤光缆、光器件与组件、光传输设备与系统、光网络建设等方面论述光纤通信技术在我国的研究、应用发展历程,并对我国光纤通信技术的未来发展进行展望。 相似文献