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81.
从流域和区域对水资源需求及环境保护要求出发,提出了在大樟溪干流刘岐、岩前和莒口增设鱼道、取消船闸和航运的建议;从流域环境保护要求提出了主要水库的最小下泄流量;根据大樟溪流域人口、经济及土地资源的状况,提出了从泉州、莆田和福州等水资源受益区安置移民缓解土地资源紧张的模式来提高龙湘水库的调节库容,以提高流域及区域对水资源需求与调配能力,确保河道生态安全、生产生活用水安全等流域规划的新思路、新理念。 相似文献
83.
Open window buses without air-conditioning are a major mode of urban and inter-city transport in most countries. High occupancy
combined with hot and humid conditions makes travel in these buses quite uncomfortable. In this study air flow through a bus
has been studied that could be the basis for low cost and eco-friendly methods of increasing passenger comfort and possibly
reduce drag. The aerodynamics of such a road vehicle has not been studied as previous investigations have been confined to
vehicles with closed windows that present a smooth exterior to air flow. Using a 1:25 scaled Perspex model of an urban bus
in Delhi, flow visualization was performed in a water channel. The Reynolds numbers were one-tenth of a real bus moving at
10 m/s. Smoke and tuft visualizations were also performed on an urban bus at 40 km/h. Numerical simulations were performed
at the actual Reynolds number. Even though there were Reynolds number differences, the broad features were similar. Air enters
the bus from the rear windows, moves to the front (relative to the bus) and exits from the front windows. Inside air velocity
relative to the bus is about one-tenth of the free-stream velocity. The flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady. 相似文献
84.
把拍卖和市场理念引入到生产计划的求解过程中,结合多Agent理论,对大规模生产系统按生产单元建立分布式模型.各个生产单元看作相对独立核算的经济实体,其目标是实现自身利益最大化.当生产能力足够时,按照需求进行生产;当生产能力不足以完全满足需求时,紧缺生产资源的持有者按照单位能力获得最大收益的原则进行生产竞价与拍卖,实现了各个生产单元的分布式自主协商决策,并设计了求解算法.算例研究证明该方法的可操作性和求解的有效性. 相似文献
85.
Hermann Knoflacher 《Sadhana》2007,32(4):293-307
Technological determinism has become a kind of religion for many people since it appears to offer solutions for societal problems
as never before in history. Transport is one of the fascinating technology branches developed during the last 200 years. Effortless
movement over long distances has become possible for car users as long as cheap fossil energy is available. However, the effect
of fast transport on urban structures and society was not taken into account when developing these technical means. Technologists
and economists have used indicators for expected benefits of these fast transport modes without taking into account the real
system effects on society and urban structures. Plausible assumptions and hopes instead of scientific understanding of the
complex system are used in practice. In contradiction to widely held beliefs of transportation planners, there is actually
no growth of mobility if counted in number of trips per person per day, no time saving by increasing speed in the system,
and no real freedom of modal choice. Modal choice is dependent on physical and other structures, the artificial environment
built by urban planners, transport experts and political decisions. The core hypothesis of traditional urban and transport
planning ‘growth of mobility’, ‘travel time saving by increasing speed’ and ‘freedom of modal choice’ are myths and do not
exist in the real urban and transport system. This is the reason why urban planning and transport planning based on traditional
non-scientific assumptions is creating continuously not only more transport problems, but also environmental and social as
well as economic problems all over the world, where these principals are applied. Urban transport planning in Europe, understanding
the transport system and the solutions are presented in this paper. 相似文献
86.
The introduction of multiple, independent production lines has helped many firms to increase their production flexibility, provide for redundancy when equipment breaks down, reduce idle time and labor costs, and achieve many other benefits. This paper introduces and formalizes the multiple U-line balancing problem. Optimal solution methodologies are provided for Type I (minimize the number of stations for a given cycle time), Type II (minimize the cycle time for a given number of stations), and cost-minimization line-balancing problems. A branch-and-bound algorithm is also developed for the situation in which equipment requirements are dependent on the line configuration and the task assignment to stations. Computational results indicate that the greatest benefit of exploiting multiple lines occurs for smaller cycle-time problems that require higher output. 相似文献
87.
Maarja Kruusmaa 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2003,38(1):55-83
This paper presents a self-adapting approach to global level path planning in dynamic environments. The aim of this work is to minimize risk and delays in possible applications of mobile robots (e.g., in industrial processes). We introduce a hybrid system that uses case-based reasoning as well as grid-based maps for decision-making. Maps are used to suggest several alternative paths between specific start and goal point. The casebase stores these solutions and remembers their characteristics. Environment representation and casebase design are discussed. To solve the problem of exploration vs. exploitation, a decision-making strategy is proposed that is based on the irreversibility of decisions. Forgetting strategies are discussed and evaluated in the context of case-based maintenance. The adaptability of the system is evaluated in a domain based on real sensor data with simulated occupancy probabilities. Forgetting strategies and decision-making strategies are evaluated in simulated environments. Experiments show that a robot is able to adapt in dynamic environments and can learn to use paths that are less risky to follow. 相似文献
88.
Argyris G. Kagiannas Thanassis Didis Dimitris Th. Askounis John Psarras 《国际能源研究杂志》2003,27(2):173-186
The needs that an energy supply system must meet are constantly changing, due to technological, social and political reasons. Effective energy planning is a dynamic process that is repeated periodically and adjusts to changing conditions. Energy decision makers and planners are no longer able to rely on inductive decision making since they have to investigate the effect of various decision parameters and possible future changes. To help in this process, models have been developed where estimates of future load growth, candidate power plants, fuels and other key factors can be introduced, from which the planners can evaluate decision parameters and the available alternatives. The paper presents the different methodologies and practices that are used by 11 energy models for energy demand forecasting, supply side management and generation expansion planning, demand side management and integrated resource planning. The paper concludes to the presentation of a strategic appraisal of the examined energy models appropriate for energy planning in Mozambique. Three models are proposed for conducting demand forecasting, generation expansion planning and demand side management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
90.
城市化进程中的小城镇交通初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对小城镇城市结构、路网结构、交通结构和交通管理特征进行详细分析,得出小城镇交通问题症结所在,并初步提出小城镇交通规划和交通治理的对策。 相似文献