耐高温低伤害清洁水性稠化剂的制备及性能

针对高温储层压裂需求,以丙烯酰胺（AM）、丙烯酸（AA）、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵（ODAAC）和十八烷基甲基丙烯酸酯（SMA）为原料制备了一种疏水缔合聚合物（AAOS）,再使用低分子醇（乙二醇、丙三醇、正丙醇）、表面活性剂（椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和十二烷基硫酸钠）和AAOS配制开发一种“自交联”耐高温清洁水性稠化剂（FPM-1）。SEM结果表明,质量分数为0.30 %的FPM-1水溶液能显著增强AAOS聚合物分子间的疏水缔合交联作用,增大聚合物的流体力学体积。通过对FPM-1的溶解性、表观黏度、耐盐性、流变学测试表明,FPM-1溶液为高黏弹性流体,悬砂性能好;质量分数为0.27 %的AAOS在水中的溶解时间为7 min,最终黏度为90 mPa·s,质量分数为0.60 %的FPM-1（具有等效聚合物含量）在水中的溶解时间仅需3 min,且最终黏度为165 mPa·s,表明FPM-1体系能显著提高聚合物的黏度和溶解速度。在90℃,170 s-1条件下剪切1 h后,质量分数为0.27 %的AAOS水溶液的黏度为51 mPa·s,质量分数为0.60 %的FPM-1水溶液黏度为77 mPa·s;质量分数为1.40 %的FPM-1水溶液在180℃,170 s-1条件下剪切1 h,最终黏度为53 mPa·s;质量分数为0.60 %的FPM-1在5×104 mg/L矿化度盐水中黏度保持率为60 %,因此,FPM-1水溶液具有优异的耐盐、耐高温、耐剪切性能。通过对破胶液的表/界面张力测试表明,FPM-1体系破胶液具有低的表/界面张力,有利于破胶液的返排和回收再利用。     

SIBR与NR/SSBR共混物结构与性能的比较

用透射电镜、扫描电镜、动态粘弹谱仪等研究了星形两嵌段SIBR、星形无规SIBR的相态结构、静态力学性能、磨耗性能、动态生热性能及动态粘弹性能,并与40/60（质量比）的NR/SSBR共混物进行了对比。结果表明,星形两嵌段SIBR呈宏观均相、微观分相的特点,其力学和磨耗性能都优于其他两种胶料,而且动态压缩生热也较低,对冰雪、润滑路面的抓着性好,其性能更接近对高性能轮胎胎面胶全面的性能要求。     

Numerical and experimental investigations on polymer melt flow phenomenon in a vario‐thermal mold cavity

Mold temperature is one of the key factors affecting the morphology and quality of plastic parts. This article explores the melt flow phenomena in a vario‐thermal mold cavity. A coupled numerical method, considering the conjugate heat transfer between the mold and melt, is developed for the melt flow simulation. Mold temperature variations and melt flow phenomena for short shot injection in an electrical heated mold cavity are numerically studied and verified by experiments. The results indicate that the melt flow length and cavity filling ratio increase significantly with the elongation of the preheating time before injection. Melt filling ratio increased nearly linearly with the increasing of electric heating time. The smaller the injection pressure is, the bigger the relative filling ratio increment is. Therefore, polymer melt can flow much longer or the mold cavity can be filled up with a smaller injection pressure when the cavity is preheated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45193.     

Dynamic viscoelasticity and phenomenological model of electrorheological elastomers

Electrorheological elastomers (EREs) present a tunable viscoelasticity with the application of an electric field. For their application, it is necessary to investigate the viscoelasticity of the EREs under various loading conditions and establish an accurate constitutive model. In this study, anisotropic silicone‐rubber‐based EREs with 30 vol % TiO₂–urea core–shell particles were prepared under an orientation electric field. We evaluated their viscoelasticities by testing their shear stress–shear strain hysteresis loops under various electric fields, frequencies, and strain amplitudes. On the basis of the experimental data, a nonlinear, revised Bouc–Wen phenomenological model was established, and the parameters in the model were identified. The results indicate that the revised model could accurately describe the viscoelastic properties of the EREs within a low frequency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45407.     

抗滴落阻燃聚丙烯动态粘弹性能及其纺丝温度研究

在聚丙烯／蒙脱土(PP／MMT)纳米复合材料的基础上添加受阻胺型阻燃剂制备抗滴落阻燃聚丙烯切片并纺丝。动态粘弹性测试表明,加入质量分数为1％的阻燃剂就极大的增加PP／MMT纳米复合材料在低频下的储能模量,抗滴落阻燃聚丙烯的类固态流体行为更加明显。随着蒙脱土含量的增加,抗滴落阻燃聚丙烯纤维内部的网络结构逐渐完善,对纺丝温度的影响也逐渐加大,需要适当降低纺丝温度,以适应网络结构,达到可纺性要求。     

Rheological behavior of cellulose nanocrystal suspension: Influence of concentration and aspect ratio

The steady and dynamic rheological behaviors of two cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions were investigated over a wide range of concentrations. The viscosity, storage and loss modules increased with increasing CNC concentration, and both CNC suspensions showed three regions in a viscosity‐concentration graph. The two critical concentrations depended on the aspect ratio and corresponded to the overlap and gelation concentration. Because of the higher aspect ratio, switchgrass CNC suspension transitioned into a biphasic state and formed a hydrogel at lower concentrations than those of cotton CNC suspensions. Furthermore, the complex viscosities of both CNC suspensions were higher than their steady viscosities; therefore, neither CNC suspension followed the Cox–Merz rule, which may be attributed to the existence of a liquid crystal domain in each suspension. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40525.     

An Analytical Model for Compressive Creep Behavior of HDPE Used in Plastic Pipe Manufacturing

The creep behavior of high-density polyethylene has been studied by low compressive creep tests, and empirical results were analyzed and compared with analytically predicted results. The tests are performed upon ASTM standard specimens at various stress levels in the linear region. After these analyses, a mathematical model is derived and used to predict creep strain for long periods of time from the strain-time data obtained at different stresses over a time interval of 24 h.     

The Role of Cytoskeleton Revealed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Digital Holographic Microscopy

The connection between cytoskeleton alterations and diseases is well known and has stimulated research on cell mechanics, aiming to develop reliable biomarkers. In this study, we present results on rheological, adhesion, and morphological properties of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, the cytoskeleton of which was altered by treatment with cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) and nocodazole (Noc), respectively. We used two complementary techniques: quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Qualitative data on cell viscoelasticity and adhesion changes at the cell–substrate near-interface layer were obtained with QCM, while DHM allowed the measurement of morphological changes due to the cytoskeletal alterations. A rapid effect of Cyt-D was observed, leading to a reduction in cell viscosity, loss of adhesion, and cell rounding, often followed by detachment from the surface. Noc treatment, instead, induced slower but continuous variations in the rheological behavior for four hours of treatment. The higher vibrational energy dissipation reflected the cell’s ability to maintain a stable attachment to the substrate, while a cytoskeletal rearrangement occurs. In fact, along with the complete disaggregation of microtubules at prolonged drug exposure, a compensatory effect of actin polymerization emerged, with increased stress fiber formation.     

大港油田南部高温高盐油藏污水聚合物驱实验研究

系统分析了大港油田南部官80断块注入污水中无机离子、有机成分以及3种细菌的含量.研究了污水活性组分对聚合物氧化降解的机理.针对高温高盐油藏条件,用污水配制聚合物,研究了聚合物溶液的增粘性、粘弹性、剪切性和渗流特性,并开展了物理模拟驱油实验.评价出适合官80断块的功能型聚合物驱油体系,在人造岩心上驱油平均提高原油采收率17.3%(OOIP).     

不同粘弹性驱替液下毛管数对驱油效果的影响

通过在微亲水人造岩心上开展的室内驱油物理模拟试验,探讨了毛管数对不同粘弹性聚合物溶液驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响.同时,在相同毛管数条件下,研究了不同粘弹性聚合物溶液对其驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响,得到了不同粘弹性条件下毛管数与驱油效率关系的一族曲线;比较系统地研究了不同粘弹性聚合物溶液下毛管数对驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响规律,即在毛管数相同的条件下,聚合物溶液的粘弹性越高,体系的采收率越高,残余油饱和度越低,说明了聚合物溶液的弹性也是影响其提高采收率、降低残余油饱和度的重要因素.对进一步深入研究聚合物驱油机理和现场作业具有行重要指导意义.