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31.
Li?QiuxiaoEmail author Zhang?Gaoyong Peng?Shaoyi 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(3):229-233
Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the
production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A
study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO3 is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third
element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility
of Ni2+ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni2− led to higher catalyst selectivity. 相似文献
32.
Yang Qin Frieder Jäkle 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2007,17(1):149-157
The binding of Lewis bases to organoboron polymeric Lewis acids has been studied and the parameters that determine the complexation
equilibrium have been investigated, which include (i) the strength of the individual Lewis acids and Lewis bases, (ii) concentration,
and (iii) temperature. While the strongly Lewis acidic borane polymers poly(4-bis(pentafluorophenyl)borylstyrene) (PS-BPf) and poly(4-(di-2-thienylboryl)styrene) (PS-BTh) form isolable complexes with strong Lewis bases such as 4-t-butylpyridine (tPy), a temperature dependent equilibrium is established with weaker bases such as THF. Similarly, the weakly Lewis acidic
boronate polymer poly(4-diethoxyborylstyrene) (PS-BOEt) undergoes a temperature dependent equilibrium with the strong Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), while poly(4-pinacolatoborylstyrene)
(PS-BPin) does not significantly bind to pyridine bases. Decomplexation of PS-BTh·
t
Py is achieved by treatment with the stronger Lewis acid, B(C6F5)3, thereby confirming the reversible nature of the polymeric Lewis acid–base adducts.
This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners in gratitude of his guidance throughout the years and recognition of his
scientific accomplishments 相似文献
33.
Hiromi Yoshida Mikiko Tatsumi Goro Kajimoto 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(8):566-570
Effects of microwave heating on the oxidative stability ofd-tocopherols were studied in relation to the production of fatty acids in oils. During microwave heating, the stability of
tocopherols decreased in the orderδ>β>γ>α. This order did not depend on the types of ethyl esters of fatty acids or oils present. But, the shorter the chainlength
and the lower the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid ethyl esters, the greater was the reduction in amount of individual
tocopherols. A similar tendency was observed when tocopherol-stripped vegetable oils, with equimolar mixtures of tocopherols
added, were treated under the same conditions. The reduction in tocopherols became greater with increasing levels of free
fatty acids. 相似文献
34.
Scott Camazine 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(9):1289-1295
Visual and acoustic cues may serve as aposematic signals that warn predators of poisonous foods. Olfactory aposematism, the use of innocuous odors as warning signals for toxic foods, is another possible means of alerting an animal that a potential food item is unpalatable. Although it has been suggested that olfactory aposematism might be the principle mode of warning utilized by plants in their defense against herbivores, experimental evidence is lacking. This study demonstrates that the opossum,Didelphis virginiana, can utilize an innocuous volatile compound found naturally in a mushroom as a warning signal for a delayed illness caused by mushroom toxin. This supports the contention that characteristic odors of toxic plants may serve a warning function, protecting herbivores from being poisoned and plants from being consumed. 相似文献
35.
Hai -Hang Li Masafumi Inoue Hiroyuki Nishimura Junya Mizutani Eiji Tsuzuki 《Journal of chemical ecology》1993,19(8):1775-1787
Phenolic compounds have been identified as the most common allelochemicals produced by higher plants. Inhibitions of cinnamic acid, its related phenolic derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) on seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce were studied.trans-Cinnamic acid, ando-,m-, andp-coumaric acids inhibited the growth of etiolated seedlings of lettuce at concentrations higher than 10–4 M and seed germination above 10–3 M. Coumarin inhibited seedling growth and seed germination at 10–5 M or above. Chlorogenic acid inhibited seedling growth above 10–4 M, but did not inhibit seed germination at 10–5–5×10–3 M. Low concentrations (below 10–3 M) of caffeic and ferulic acids promoted the elongation of hypocotyls, but higher concentrations (over 10–3 M) inhibited seedling growth and seed germination. These phenolic compounds and abscisic acid had additive inhibitory effects both on seedling growth and seed germination. The inhibition on lettuce was reversed by caffeic and ferulic acids at concentrations lower than 10–3 M except for the inhibition of germination by coumarin. These results suggest that in naturetrans-cinnamic acid,o-, m-, p-coumaric acids, coumarin, and chlorogenic acid inhibit plant growth regardless of their concentration. However, caffeic and ferulic acids can either promote or inhibit plant growth according to their concentration. 相似文献
36.
Pheromone components for many lepidopteran species are produced by the use of unique chain-shortening and 9, 10, and 11 desaturase systems. Correlations in the Tortricidae indicate that the pheromone components derived from 9 and 01 desaturases are found in the more primitive species (those possessing morphological plesiomorphies). The precise blend ofZ andE acetates in a number of species is regulated in the final reduction sequence from acyl intermediates. Preliminary research has been conducted on the characterization of the various desaturase enzymes used and on the important blend regulating sequence. Initial purification work on the 11 desaturase enzyme found in the cabbage looper moth is reported. 相似文献
37.
Tall oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hübner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude tall oil and depitched tall oil. When crude tall oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched tall oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched tall oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of tall oil. 相似文献
38.
39.
Yoshitsugu Kosugi Tsutomu Kunieda Naoki Azuma 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(4):445-448
Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol
(TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by
dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable
because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil.
Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16,
1990. 相似文献
40.
Two monophagous sawflies,Neodiprion dubiosus andN. rugifrons, actively avoid feeding on the current season's needles of jack pine,Pinus banksiana, while the polyphagousN. lecontei feeds indiscriminately on foliage of all age classes. Bioassay studies with needle extracts indicate thatN. dubiosus andN. rugifrons larval feeding preference is governed by a group of tricyclic diterpene resin acids. Resin acids commonly occur in needles of all ages; however, levopimaric, palustric, dehydroabietic, and neoabietic acids were at higher concentrations in the new needles.N. dubiosus was significantly deterred from feeding on 1-year-old foliage when treated with the pure resin acids, palustric and levopimaric, at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml MeOH.N. rugifrons larvae were deterred from feeding by pure dehydroabietic, neoabietic, and palustric acids at 1.0 mg/ml MeOH. 相似文献