基于AHP法的中低收入群体住房改善方案分析

通过对中低收入群体住房现状分析,构建了以相对最佳的住房改善方案为目标层;以住户对住房产品的满意、社会人均住房水平提高的效率高、参与建设各方获得良好经济效益3方面组成准则层;以经济适用房、廉租房、双限房、普通商品住房构成方案层的AHP模型。进行赋值计算后,得出当前发展经济适用房是相对最佳方案,发展廉租房次之,发展双限房第三,发展普通商品住房排名最后的结论。     

基于Ohde理论的群桩极限端阻力计算公式

为从理论上探讨群桩中桩-土-桩的相互作用,分析该作用对群桩端阻力形成机理的影响,以建立在压缩机理之上的适用于单桩端阻力分析的Ohde理论为基础,提出了无黏性土中群桩极限端阻力的计算模式,据此分别推导出了群桩中边桩和中桩的极限端阻力理论计算公式.该公式能够定量反映桩距、桩径、桩端的入土深度和桩端以下土层的物理力学性质等因素对极限端阻力的影响,计算得到的群桩极限端阻力随相对桩距(桩距与桩径之比)减小而增加的规律与模型试验的实测结果基本一致.     

试论营养教育的重点人群

营养教育是健康教育的重要组成部分,是方便、有效的营养干预方式,许多国家都极为重视。我国目前营养教育应当首先关注重点人群,即营养弱势群体和对膳食与营养具有影响力的人群。营养弱势群体主要包括儿童青少年、孕妇乳母、老年人、慢性病患者、社会弱势群体,他们或处在生长发育的关键时期、或处在特殊的生理时期,或是健康状况不良的人群,或是营养状况较差的群体;对膳食与营养具有影响力的人群主要包括家庭主妇、团体膳食制作及管理人员。营养教育应从这些重点人群入手,提高其膳食营养意识,普及基本营养知识,改善大众营养状况,提升生命质量。     

Silver catalysts supported over activated carbons for the selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen: effects of different treatments on the supports

Commercial activated carbon (AC) was used as a support either in its original form or after various modifications, giving diverse textural and surface chemical characteristics. The changes of these properties were monitored by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ag catalysts were prepared over the AC supports by a conventional wet impregnation method. The catalytic performances of supported Ag/AC catalysts in the selective oxidation of CO in excess H₂ were tested. The results indicate the textural and surface chemical characteristics are responsible for the different catalytic performances.     

Advancing Africa’s Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized,long-term,collaborative networks and partnerships

The African Great Lakes (AGL) have rich fisheries and are renowned “biodiversity hotspots”. Consequently the AGL and the ecosystem services they provide, underpin the welfare and livelihoods of over 50 million people across 10 countries. Despite the recognized importance of the AGL, these vital ecosystems and their livelihood support systems are threatened by numerous anthropogenic stressors at local, regional, and global scales. Past and continued efforts to address critical challenges on these lakes are often short-term, parochial, disparate, and uncoordinated resulting in a lack of comprehensive and comparable scientific data and inadequate resources to influence evidence-based policy. Over the past two decades, several international workshops, conferences and scientific publications have identified the need for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and harmonization of research and management as key elements to enhance conservation efforts in the AGL. In this commentary, we introduce the African Center for Aquatic Research and Education (ACARE), which aims to strengthen research and provide the scientific evidence needed to make informed decisions related to sustainable fisheries and aquatic resource management in the AGL. To do this, ACARE will administer a highly collaborative network of experts with three long-term goals: (1) strengthen global and regional research partnerships; (2) establish transboundary and inter-jurisdictional lake advisory groups; and (3) build capacity of freshwater scientists through experiential education and public engagement.     

面向多区域防洪的长江上游水库群协同调度模型

长江上游水库群是长江流域防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,承担着水库所在河流、川渝河段以及长江中下游的防洪任务。长江流域面积广大,水系众多,洪水地区组成与遭遇十分复杂,防洪需求众多,防洪对象分散,且要兼顾发电、航运、供水、生态、库区安全等多种因素,水库群防洪调度面临大规模、多区域、多层次等协同调度技术难题。以长江上游25座控制性水库为研究对象,基于防洪格局和防洪任务将水库群防洪调度划分为核心、骨干和群组水库,阐明了水库群多区域协调防洪的调度节点和角色定位,提出了兼顾"时-空-量-序-效"多维属性的模型功能结构,构建了长江上游水库群多区域协同防洪调度模型,并在长江流域防洪调度形成示范应用,以挖掘长江上游水库群防洪调度潜力,进而提升长江流域防洪调度管理水平。     

Characteristics of coal sludge slurry prepared by a wet-grinding process

Coal sludge slurry(CSS) is an alternative fuel and a potential competitive method for sludge reduction.Based on the researches of coal water slurry, we studied CSSs by using a wet-grinding process with different types of regional municipal sludge(sludge) in an orthogonal experiment. The sludge type,sludge mixing proportion, dosage of dispersant, and grinding time were tested in this study. The results show that water content and its occurrence characteristics in the sludge have primary hindering influences on slurry ability. The range of fixed-viscosity concentrations with raw wet sludge is from 50.78%to 44.40%(by weight), while the range is from 53.35% to 51.51%(by weight) with dry sludge. All of the CSSs exhibit shear-thinning behaviors with different variation trends, especially the CSSs with more than 15%(by weight) raw wet sludge in it. Adding the same proportion of raw wet sludge increases the thixotropic properties of CSSs and the highest area of thixotropy loop is 3065 Pa/s, while the highest value of dry sludge is 1798 Pa/s. Hydrophilic group plays an important role in adsorbing water and building three-dimension networks with other particles, which is the main reason for CSS properties.Therefore, the mechanism can be used to find the way for making high quality CSS.     

咖啡纤维结构与性能研究

介绍了咖啡纤维的生产过程和物理性能,通过红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了咖啡纤维的亲水基团、吸湿性、结晶度和形态结构等,并与棉纤维和麻纤维进行了对比,证明了咖啡纤维的可纺性,有利于咖啡纤维的进一步开发和利用.     

Students Weigh In: Usability Test of Online Library Tutorials

Librarians can improve their online tutorials by borrowing usability testing techniques from the computer science field to improve the human-computer interface. This study involved a multimethod usability test of librarian-created tutorials to determine what students learned, how they felt on several affective questions, and what they suggested for improving the tutorials. Results of pre- and post-tests showed that student knowledge increased, and surveys and focus group findings lean to several suggestions for improving engagement and placing tutorials where they will be most effective. This case study demonstrates the value of user input to improve the effectiveness of online instruction for information literacy.     

Conceptual equivalence for contrast mining in classification learning

Learning often occurs through comparing. In classification learning, in order to compare data groups, most existing methods compare either raw instances or learned classification rules against each other. This paper takes a different approach, namely conceptual equivalence, that is, groups are equivalent if their underlying concepts are equivalent while their instance spaces do not necessarily overlap and their rule sets do not necessarily present the same appearance. A new methodology of comparing is proposed that learns a representation of each group’s underlying concept and respectively cross-exams one group’s instances by the other group’s concept representation. The innovation is fivefold. First, it is able to quantify the degree of conceptual equivalence between two groups. Second, it is able to retrace the source of discrepancy at two levels: an abstract level of underlying concepts and a specific level of instances. Third, it applies to numeric data as well as categorical data. Fourth, it circumvents direct comparisons between (possibly a large number of) rules that demand substantial effort. Fifth, it reduces dependency on the accuracy of employed classification algorithms. Empirical evidence suggests that this new methodology is effective and yet simple to use in scenarios such as noise cleansing and concept-change learning.