脱水法合成3-羟基丁酸乙酯

以3-羟基丁酸和乙醇为原料，在对甲苯磺酸的催化下分别以氧化钙、3A分子筛、无水硫酸镁为脱水剂，采用索氏提取器进行回流脱水合成3-羟基丁酸乙酯。对影响3-羟基丁酸乙酯收率的诸因素进行了考察。试验结果表明：加入脱水剂和带水剂可以显著提高3-羟基丁酸乙酯的收率。当原料配比为：0．1mol 3-羟基丁酸、0．12mol乙醇，0．7175g对甲苯磺酸，带水剂环己烷50mL，脱水剂18．7g氧化钙，反应时间3h时，产品3-羟基丁酸乙酯的收率可达96．6％(质量分数，下同)。     

COD测定方法的研究动态

从采用不同的氧化剂测定、寻找新的催化剂、样品消解方法的改进、在线监测仪器及与其他综合指标的相关关系等几个方面论述了化学需氧量测定方法的发展与研究现状.     

SE-I型混凝剂在水处理中的应用

利用透射电镜和微孔滤膜超滤法研究了SE -I和PAC混凝剂的结构形貌和相对分子质量分布情况 ;比较了SE -I和PAC混凝处理油田含油废水、煤矿矿井废水和水库水的效果。实验结果表明 ,SE -I较PAC具有更大的枝化度和相对分子质量 ,体现在水处理效果上是SE -I较PAC有更好的除油、除浊、去除COD和脱色效果。SE -I型混凝剂是一种高效水处理剂     

从精苯酸焦油废液中提取水泥减水剂的研究

研究了从精苯焦油废液中提取水泥减水剂的工艺过程．系统地分析了提取产品的各项物性指标．应用试验表明．对水泥的减水率达２０％．同时水泥的抗折强度和抗压强度均有所提高．由此可以看出该提取物是一种优良的水泥减水剂．     

沥青带水磺化工艺的研究

通过沥青磺化过程的主反应和副反应，进一步讨论了磺化工艺的原理，磺化试剂的选择，溶剂的组成，带水速度，溶剂的回收方式等各种因素对产品质量的影响。     

氨合成塔催化剂中毒原因分析及处理

介绍合成塔催化剂因合成气压缩机段间水冷器泄漏而致水中毒的情况，分析水中毒的原因及处理过程，介绍了段间水冷器泄漏情况下装置的运行方案。     

Diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of phospholipid adsorption onto silicic acid

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the mode of adsorption of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in hexane onto silicic acid (SA). PC adsorption was mainly through the charged phosphate group with minimal binding through the ester carbonyl. When the SA surface with adsorbed PC is washed with hexane, containing a small concentration of isopropanol, the desorbed PC is recovered without structural change, i.e., there is no evidence of PC hydrolysis in the adsorption process. Adsorbent misture probably promotes PC adsorption due to the increased availability of surface water hydroxyl groups for interaction with the PC phosphate groups. Isopropanol promoted PC binding by destabilizing PC reverse miscelles in solution, thus promoting its adsorption.     

185nmUV降解水中4-CP、4-NP和RhB的研究

本文以对氯苯酚（4-cP）、对硝基苯酚（4-NP）和罗丹明B（RhB）为模型有机物（以4-CP和4-NP为小分子模型有机物，以RhB为大分子模型有机物），分别研究了185nmUV对水中这3种模型有机物的降解规律、性能和效果．研究结果表明，185nmUV直接对水中4-CP、4-NP和RhB有很好的降解效果．研究内容包括：185nmUV降解模型有机物的浓度、TOC（Totalorganic carbon）浓度、185nmUV降解模型有机物过程中溶液pH及电导率变化、以及降解模型有机物过程中产生的无机离子等几个方面．     

Experiments of a prototype wind-driven reverse osmosis desalination system with feedback control

A prototype wind-powered reverse osmosis desalination system was constructed and tested on Coconut Island off the northern coast of Oahu, Hawaii, for brackish water desalination. The system has four major subsystems: a multi-vaned windmill/pump, a flow/pressure stabilizer, a reverse osmosis module, and a control mechanism. The feedback control mechanism, developed by this study, allowed this prototype system to be operated satisfactorily under mild ambient wind of 5 m/s or less. No auxiliary power source was needed. The system operational data showed that at an average wind speed of 5 m/s, brackish feedwater at a total dissolved solids concentration of 3000 mg/1 and at a flow rate of 13 1/min could be processed by this system. The average rejection rate of this prototype system was 97% and the average recovery ratio was 20%. The energy efficiency of the system was measured at 3 5%, which is comparable to the typical energy efficiency of well-operated multi-vaned windmills. Generally, the system's energy efficiency decreases as wind speed increases.     

Dishwashing performance of mixed palm stearin sulfonated methyl esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters

The detergency profiles of sodium salt α-sulfonated methyl esters derived from palm stearin (α-SMEPS) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoesters (POESE) in mixed micelle systems were evaluated as a function of the weight ratios of α-SMEPS/POESE [polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (12), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (18∶0), and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (18∶1)] at different water hardness values (5.12, 51.2, and 512.0 ppm CaCO₃) and temperatures (20, 30, 45, and 65°C), respectively. All the mixtures of α-SMEPS/POESE (12, 18∶0, and 18∶1) systems exhibited a synergistic effect at 65°C in the absence of hardness. This was evaluated by measuring the percentage of soil removed. The systems showed an increase in detergency with both the temperature and water hardness. Maximal detergency was observed with 5.12 ppm CaCO₃ in the mixed surfactant solution.