Assessment of the static fit of automobile lap-belt systems on front-seat passengers

While automobile seat belts are recognized as reducing injury in frontal collisions, the lap belt can cause injury to the abdominal contents during impact. A lap belt which is malpositioned, i.e., above the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) of the pelvis before impact, is suggested as a causative factor in many of these injuries. A questionnaire was completed by 198 adult passengers on lap-belt fit as well as vehicle, anthropometric and behavioural factors. All measures were self-reported. The fit of automobile seat belts was also investigated in the laboratory to determine some of the factors thought important in the pre-impact position of the lap belt. Seven factors, subject size, subject sitting posture, clothing thickness, vehicle configuration, vehicle seat position, seat back angle and the handling of the belt by the occupant, were assessed on 51 subjects sitting in six simulated vehicles. The sample purposely included a disproportionate number of tall, short, heavy and thin subjects.

The questionnaire responses indicated that a high proportion (49%) of lap belts were found to be malpositioned in a normal sitting posture. Moving around in the seat, especially slouching, greatly increased the proportion of malpositions. It was noteworthy that wearing a heavy winter coat did not cause belt malposition. A high incidence of malpositioned lap belts was also found in the laboratory study with 42% of the belts having their centre-lines above the ASIS and 89% having part of the belt overlying the ASIS in a normal upright seated position with the seat in the middle of its fore/aft movement. Slouching in the seat significantly increased this proportion. The malposition rate was adversely affected by a forward seat position in a significant manner. There was a large increase in the malposition rate when the occupant attached the belt compared to when the experimenter attached it, with malposition rates of 43% and 19% respectively in the rearmost seat position. There was no statistically significant effect of clothing thickness on belt fit. Although statistically significant correlations between belt inclination and malposition were found, no clear-cut belt-angle existed above which satisfactory fit existed.     

一种小型水密耐压舱体的设计与制作

结合一个海洋要素垂直剖面监测系统中对电动部件进行密封的需要，介绍了圆柱形水密耐压舱体的设计过程。舱体采用圆柱流线型外壳设计，整个密封壳体的框架是由两个端盖和一个圆筒组成，根据密封舱体需要承受的外部压力情况，适当选择端盖和圆筒的厚度，而且密封舱体右端盖的中心伸出电机加长轴，与密封舱内的电机相连后可以作水下驱动用，左端盖上分别固定着电缆水密接插头和牺牲阳极，电缆水密接插头可以保证舱体内外进行信号连接，牺牲阳极增加了整个舱体在水下尤其是海水中的抗腐蚀性。     

耗能减震层对框架-核心筒结构的减震效果及其影响分析

本文分析了加强层和3种不同耗能减震层对框架-核心筒结构的减震效果,以顶点位移为目标对单个粘滞耗能减震层的最佳布置位置进行了研究,并分析了粘滞环带耗能构件对结构性能的影响。分析结果表明,耗能减震层比加强层更能有效地控制结构的地震反应;单个耗能减震层宜布置在结构的中部0.5H~0.6H处;粘滞环带耗能构件能有效减小结构的位移和内力。     

广州市两条道路中央绿化带的植物配置与景观特点

本文通过对广州市东风路、芳村大道两条道路中央绿化带植物种类及其景观特点的调查和分析,归纳总结了该类型道路中央绿化带的植物应用特色和施工养护要点,为广州市及其邻近地区的道路中央分车带绿化提供了参考。     

Design of Watertight Barriers for Retention Ponds of Cyanide Using Sludge from Water Purification Station （Ziga）

In a context of sustainable development and use of eco- materials, it was examined the possibility of using sewage sludge from the water treatment plant of Ziga as an inorganic support to achieve sealing barriers that can withstand high stresses to overcome any weaknesses of the geological barrier （called passive barrier）. The station Ziga that potabilises the water from the river Nakamb6 is located 45 km north east of Ouagadougou. Some experiments on the rheology of sludge from Ziga as well as the filtration of the mixture Ziga＇s sludge and clays from Nouna, Zorgho and Ticare, three regions of Burkina Faso, were conducted. These studies demonstrated the complex hydro-mechanical behavior of Ziga＇s slurries： Newtonian fluid thixotropic threshold for solids contents less than 16.5 wt% and non-Newtonian for higher values. Sludge from the water treatment station Ziga have a hydraulic conductivity of 10^-8 m/s. The results are below regulatory requirements. However, the permeability can be reduced to achieve the value of 10^-9 m/s in particular by adding the clay from Zorgho or Nouna to mixtures of Ziga＇s sludge and neutral leachate, typically mineral water. Beside neutral leachate, two types of leachate were used. One type is composed of acid leachate and the other type is basic. It was shown that the limewater solutions cause deterioration of the seal probably due to the presence of hydroxide ions.     

Bidirectional Transport of Nanoparticles and Cells with a Bio‐Conveyor Belt

The bidirectional transport of nanoparticles and biological cells is of great significance in efficient biological assays and precision cell screening, and can be achieved with optical conveyor belts in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. However, implantation of these belts into biological systems can present significant challenges owing to the incompatibility of the artificial materials. In this work, an optical conveyor belt assembled from natural biological cells is proposed. The diameter of the belt (500 nm) is smaller than the laser wavelength (980 nm) and, therefore, the evanescent wave stably traps the nanoparticles and cells on the belt surface. By adjusting the relative power of the lasers injected into the belt, the particles or cells can be bidirectionally transported along the bio‐conveyor belt. The experimental results are numerically interpreted and the transport velocities are investigated based on simulations. Further experiments show that the bio‐conveyor belt can also be assembled with mammalian cells and then applied to dynamic cell transport in vivo. The bio‐conveyor belt might provide a noninvasive and biocompatible tool for biomedical assays, drug delivery, and biological nanoarchitectonics.     

Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Cord/Rubber Composites

The mechanical properties and failure behavior of single tire belts with different cord angles were investigated. The cords consisted of two pairs of twisted steel wires. Geometric moiré and the grid method were used to measure small and large deformations, respectively. The stress–strain curves of all samples tested display three typical deformation stages, initial nonlinear deformation, followed by an intermediate stage of approximately linear deformation and a final stage of approximately linear deformation with increased modulus. The transition strain from the first to the second stage increases linearly with cord angle and the ultimate strength is found to follow the Tsai–Hill failure criterion. Failure mechanisms varied with cord angle. They are classified into four modes including failure within the cord, shear failure at the interface between cord and rubber, a combination of the above two modes and cord breakage. In-plane shear properties were obtained using both the Arcan pure shear and the 22° off-axis tests. They were found to be in good agreement. A nonlinear micromechanics model was proposed to predict the properties of single belts with different cord orientations by taking into consideration both the material and geometric nonlinearities.     

新疆北部主要金成矿带地质特征对比研究

额尔齐斯、达尔布特、卡拉麦里、吐拉苏-也里莫墩和康古尔塔格是新疆北部主要的金成矿带,前人对各成矿带的成矿规律等方面的研究较多,但对其地质特征之间的异同及原因分析较少。通过对各金成矿带的成矿环境、矿床类型及其典型金矿床特征进行对比分析,发现各成矿带中的金矿类型以及典型矿床的矿化类型、矿物组合、围岩蚀变和成矿流体特征等存在明显差异。其中,浅成低温热液型金矿床是普遍存在的矿床类型,该类型矿床不仅是该区金矿的找矿方向,也可作为该区寻找斑岩型铜矿床的一个启示。     

金刚石电镀砂带的特点及应用

金刚石电镀砂带具有超硬材料＂硬＂和涂附磨具＂柔＂的双重特性,其工作层表面有序排布磨削小单元之间的缝隙形成了较大的容屑空间,有利于散热,并提高了加工质量、砂带柔韧性及排屑能力,在使用过程中同时具有粉尘少、噪音小的环保优势,因此广泛应用于玻璃、石材、陶瓷、复合材料、水晶、航空航天、硅材料等硬脆材料的磨抛加工。同时,由于镍镀层对磨料有较强的把持力,使电镀砂带拓展于cBN领域成为可能,相对金刚石磨料,cBN砂带可应用于钢铁、铁合金等含铁族元素难加工材料的磨抛。随着国家高效高精加工要求的提高,以及环境保护的迫切需要,金刚石/cBN电镀砂带将有广阔的应用空间和发展前景。     

中国中西部前陆冲断带构造变形与油气成藏模式

为了明确中国中西部前陆冲断带的构造变形特征和油气成藏模式,在中、新生代区域构造背景分析的基础上,根据空间构造格局的叠加和变异以及时间上构造发展的连续和叠加特征,将中西部前陆冲断带的构造变形分为叠加型、改造型和原型3类.构造变形制约着油气成藏环境的演变和油气的聚集与分布,通过对库车、四川盆地西缘和柴达木盆地北缘等前陆冲断带的典型油气藏成藏过程分析,认为中西部前陆冲断带具有3种成藏模式,即叠加型冲断带的多期成藏以晚期为主模式、改造型冲断带的早期成藏和晚期调整模式、原型冲断带的晚期原生聚集及改造次生成藏模式.