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991.
为了使微电网控制系统中PI控制器的参数能够更好地适应可再生能源的随机性和波动性,提出了基于自适应步长的四分区多策略果蝇优化算法(fruit fly optimization algorithm, FOA)对PI参数进行实时优化。首先,以风光燃储微电网不同微源控制系统中的变换器为控制对象,建立微电网整体控制系统模型,基于此模型实时调整PI参数。然后,根据不同果蝇个体的适应度值将果蝇种群分为4个区,同时考虑4个区果蝇收敛性以及多样性的差异,设计不同的自适应更新策略。最后,采用所提算法对各微源控制过程中的PI参数进行寻优,与其他3种智能算法进行对比,验证了所提算法的可行性和优越性。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以使系统变换器响应速度更快,输出更加稳定。  相似文献   
992.
Development of artificial mechanoreceptors capable of sensing and pre-processing external mechanical stimuli is a crucial step toward constructing neuromorphic perception systems that can learn and store information. Here, bio-inspired artificial fast-adaptive (FA) and slow-adaptive (SA) mechanoreceptors with synapse-like functions are demonstrated for tactile perception. These mechanoreceptors integrate self-powered piezoelectric pressure sensors with synaptic electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGFETs) featuring a reduced graphene oxide channel. The FA pressure sensor is based on a piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) thin film, while the SA pressure sensor is enabled by a piezoelectric ionogel with the piezoelectric-ionic coupling effect based on P(VDF-TrFE) and an ionic liquid. Changes in post-synaptic current are achieved through the synaptic effect of the EGFET by regulating the amplitude, number, duration, and frequency of tactile stimuli (pre-synaptic pulses). These devices have great potential to serve as artificial biological mechanoreceptors for future artificial neuromorphic perception systems.  相似文献   
993.
为研究气象因素对成都市大气细颗粒物 (PM2.5)、可吸入颗粒物 (PM10) 的影响, 收集了2015―2018 年成都市 PM2.5、PM10的月平均浓度, 采用Pearson 相关分析法, 分析了成都市PM2.5、PM10与气象条件的关系。结果表明: (1) 2015 ―2018 年, 成都市PM2.5、PM10年平均浓度虽然年际间差别较小, 但整体呈现逐年缓慢下降趋势, 2015 年以来成都市的 一系列大气污染控制措施是PM2.5、PM10逐年缓慢下降的原因; 2015―2018 年成都市PM2.5、PM10浓度季节变化特征整体 表现为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季> 夏季。(2) 不同气象因素对成都市PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的影响程度不同, 降水量与气温 是影响成都市PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的主要因素, 两者与PM2.5、PM10呈较高的负线性相关, 其中PM2.5、PM10与降水量 的相关系数均为 −0.612, 与月平均气温的相关系数分别为 −0.822、−0.776, 降水会通过捕获大气中的颗粒物来去除 PM2.5、PM10, 而温度的升高会加强PM2.5、PM10等污染物在垂直方向上的对流运动, 从而对成都市污染物浓度的降低起 到重要作用; 日照时数、月平均风速、相对湿度等与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度整体也呈现负相关, 但与降水量和气温相 比, 日照时数、月平均风速与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的相关性较低, 而相对湿度与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的相关性则 更加微弱, 表明相对湿度的变化对成都市PM2.5、PM10的积累和扩散影响很小。  相似文献   
994.
Iron oxides and silica are the major components of copper smelting slag. The oxides of aluminum, calcium and magnesium are also present in the slag that is introduced through copper concentrate, flux and refractories. Liquidus temperatures of the copper smelting slags are usually controlled by Fe/SiO2. The concentrations of Al2O3, CaO and MgO, and FeO/Fe2O3 in the slag can also affect the liquidus temperatures where FeO/Fe2O3 is a function of oxygen partial pressure. High temperature equilibration under controlled oxygen partial pressure followed by quenching and electron probe microanalysis were used to determine the compositions of the liquid and solid phases at 1200 °C and Po2 10-8 atm. The experimental results are presented in the forms of pseudo-ternary sections “FeO”-CaO-SiO2 at fixed 2, 4 and 6 wt pct MgO, and 2 + 2, 4 + 4 and 6 + 6 wt pct MgO + Al2O3. Spinel and tridymite are the major primary phases in the composition range investigated. In addition, CaSiO3, pyroxene, olivine, and melilite are also present. The isotherms in the spinel and tridymite primary phase fields move towards higher SiO2 concentration directions with increasing CaO, Al2O3, and MgO concentrations. The experimentally determined results are compared with the FactSage calculations.  相似文献   
995.
Conventional elastomeric polymers used as substrates for wearable platforms have large positive Poisson's ratios (≈0.5) that cause a deformation mismatch with human skin that is multidirectionally elongated under bending of joints. This causes practical problems in elastomer-based wearable devices, such as delamination and detachment, leading to poorly reliable functionality. To overcome this issue, auxetic-structured mechanical reinforcement with glass fibers is applied to the elastomeric film, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), which is a skin-like stretchable substrate (SLSS). Several parameters for determining the materials and geometrical dimensions of the auxetic-structured reinforcing fillers are considered to maximize the NPR. Based on numerical simulation and digital image correlation analysis, the deformation tendencies and strain distribution of the SLSS are investigated and compared with those of the pristine elastomeric substrate. Owing to the strain-localization characteristics, an independent strain-pressure sensing system is fabricated using SLSS with a Ag-based elastomeric ink and a carbon nanotube-based force-sensitive resistor. Finally, it is demonstrated that the SLSS-based sensor platform can be applied as a wearable device to monitor the physical burden on the wrist in real time.  相似文献   
996.
The anti-glare panels along highways can block the dazzling lights of opposing vehicles at night, playing an important role in the highway safety. Inspired by the highway anti-glare panels, wind energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (AG-TENG) arrays to properly capture energy from highway moving vehicles is developed. A single AG-TENG installation module can achieve a high power density of 0.2 Wm−2 at a wind speed of 3 m s−1. This wind speed is too low to drive conventional wind energy harvesting equipment. The performance of the AG-TENG shows no degradation after 80 h of continuous operation (1 440 000 times). Thus, with the rational consideration and features, the system can generate enough power to drive internet of things (IoT) devices and environmental sensors, as well as offer wireless alarming and radio frequency identification vehicle monitoring. This study provides a promising strategy to properly harvest wind energy on highways using existing infrastructures under the condition of even no natural wind, showing broad application prospects in distributed environmental monitoring, intelligent highways, and the IoT.  相似文献   
997.
Breathable, flexible, and highly sensitive pressure sensors have drawn increasing attention due to their potential in wearable electronics for body-motion monitoring, human-machine interfaces, etc. However, current pressure sensors are usually assembled with polymer substrates or encapsulation layers, thus causing discomfort during wearing (i.e., low air/vapor permeability, mechanical mismatch) and restricting their applications. A breathable and flexible pressure sensor is reported with nonwoven fabrics as both the electrode (printed with MXene interdigitated electrode) and sensing (coated with MXene/silver nanowires) layers via a scalable screen-printing approach. Benefiting from the multi-layered porous structure, the sensor demonstrates good air permeability with high sensitivity (770.86–1434.89 kPa−1), a wide sensing range (0–100 kPa), fast response/recovery time (70/81 ms), and low detection limit (≈1 Pa). Particularly, this sensor can detect full-scale human motion (i.e., small-scale pulse beating and large-scale walking/running) with high sensitivity, excellent cycling stability, and puncture resistance. Additionally, the sensing layer of the pressure sensor also displays superior sensitivity to humidity changes, which is verified by successfully monitoring human breathing and spoken words while wearing a sensor-embedded mask. Given the outstanding features, this breathable sensor shows promise in the wearable electronic field for body health monitoring, sports activity detection, and disease diagnosis.  相似文献   
998.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) devices are truly promising optical modulators for information display, smart window as well as intelligent photoelectronic applications due to their fast switching, large optical modulation as well as cost-effectiveness. However, realizing highly soft PDLC devices with sensing function remains a grand challenge because of the intrinsic brittleness of traditional transparent conductive electrodes. Here, inspired by spiderweb configuration, a novel type of silver nanowires (AgNWs) micromesh-based stretchable transparent conductive electrodes (STCEs) is developed to support the realization of soft PDLC device. Benefiting from the embedding design of AgNWs micromesh in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the STCEs can maintain excellent electrical conductivity and transparency even in various extreme conditions such as bending, folding, twisting, stretching as well as multiple chemical corrosion. Further, STCEs with the embedded AgNWs micromesh endow the assembled PDLC device with excellent photoelectrical properties including rapid switching speed (<1 s), large optical modulation (69% at 600 nm), as well as robust mechanical stability (bending over 1000 cycles and stretching to 40%). Moreover, the device displays the pressure sensing function with high sensitivity in response to pressure stimulus. It is conceivable that AgNWs micromesh transparent electrodes will shape the next generation of related soft smart electronics.  相似文献   
999.
In this work, we design a multisensory IoT-based online vitals monitor (hereinafter referred to as the VITALS) to sense four bedside physiological parameters including pulse (heart) rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation. Then, the proposed system constantly transfers these signals to the analytics system which aids in enhancing diagnostics at an earlier stage as well as monitoring after recovery. The core hardware of the VITALS includes commercial off-the-shelf sensing devices/medical equipment, a powerful microcontroller, a reliable wireless communication module, and a big data analytics system. It extracts human vital signs in a pre-programmed interval of 30 min and sends them to big data analytics system through the WiFi module for further analysis. We use Apache Kafka (to gather live data streams from connected sensors), Apache Spark (to categorize the patient vitals and notify the medical professionals while identifying abnormalities in physiological parameters), Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) (to archive data streams for further analysis and long-term storage), Spark SQL, Hive and Matplotlib (to support caregivers to access/visualize appropriate information from collected data streams and to explore/understand the health status of the individuals). In addition, we develop a mobile application to send statistical graphs to doctors and patients to enable them to monitor health conditions remotely. Our proposed system is implemented on three patients for 7 days to check the effectiveness of sensing, data processing, and data transmission mechanisms. To validate the system accuracy, we compare the data values collected from established sensors with the measured readouts using a commercial healthcare monitor, the Welch Allyn® Spot Check. Our proposed system provides improved care solutions, especially for those whose access to care services is limited.  相似文献   
1000.
目的 现有方法存在特征提取时间过长、非对称失真图像预测准确性不高的问题,同时少有工作对非对称失真与对称失真立体图像的分类进行研究,为此提出了基于双目竞争的非对称失真立体图像质量评价方法。方法 依据双目竞争的视觉现象,利用非对称失真立体图像两个视点的图像质量衰减程度的不同,生成单目图像特征的融合系数,融合从左右视点图像中提取的灰度空间特征与HSV (hue-saturation-value)彩色空间特征。同时,量化两个视点图像在结构、信息量和质量衰减程度等多方面的差异,获得双目差异特征。并且将双目融合特征与双目差异特征级联为一个描述能力更强的立体图像质量感知特征向量,训练基于支持向量回归的特征—质量映射模型。此外,还利用双目差异特征训练基于支持向量分类模型的对称失真与非对称失真立体图像分类模型。结果 本文提出的质量预测模型在4个数据库上的SROCC (Spearman rank order correlation coefficient)和PLCC (Pearson linear correlation coefficient)均达到0.95以上,在3个非对称失真数据库上的均方根误差(root of mean square error,RMSE)取值均优于对比算法。在LIVE-II(LIVE 3D image quality database phase II)、IVC-I(Waterloo-IVC 3D image qualityassessment database phase I)和IVC-II (Waterloo-IVC 3D image quality assessment database phase II)这3个非对称失真立体图像测试数据库上的失真类型分类测试中,对称失真立体图像的分类准确率分别为89.91%、94.76%和98.97%,非对称失真立体图像的分类准确率分别为95.46%,92.64%和96.22%。结论 本文方法依据双目竞争的视觉现象融合左右视点图像的质量感知特征用于立体图像质量预测,能够提升非对称失真立体图像的评价准确性和鲁棒性。所提取双目差异性特征还能够用于将对称失真与非对称失真立体图像进行有效分类,分类准确性高。  相似文献   
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