The effect of specimen thickness on the experimental and finite element characterization of CTOD in extra deep drawn steel sheets

Recent experimental results by us have indicated that the load-drop technique can serve as a valid fracture criterion for predicting elastic-plastic fracture in extra deep drawn (EDD) steel sheets or in predominantly plane stress conditions. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the validity of aJ-integral as a fracture parameter and theJ-CTOD relation for the determination of critical CTOD in predominantly plane stress fracture (CTOD-crack tip opening displacement). Fracture tests were performed and experimental results were generated on fracture behaviour of EDD (0·06%C) steel sheets with CT specimens and using ‘load-drop’ as a fracture criterion. Critical CTOD was determined by using theJ-CTOD relation in addition to several existing techniques. A full 3-D finite element model was formulated to verify the critical load, critical CTOD and plastic-zone size. The critical CTOD was shown to increase with increasing specimen thickness and appeared to be approaching a higher limiting value. The characteristic features of predominantly plane stress fracture or general yielding fracture mechanics are summarized in conclusion     

Anomalous temperature dependence and tension–compression asymmetry of Fe3Al intermetallics—an internal variable approach

Tension/compression asymmetry in the high-temperature flow and anomalous yield/flow stress of Fe–28 at% Al–5 at% Cr alloy has been investigated. Flow curves were obtained from a series of tensile and compressive load relaxation tests. Constitutive relations at each deformation conditions were formulated using the internal variable theory based on dislocation dynamics. In this study, high-temperature flow stress of selected material was to be safely described as the sum of internal stress and frictional stress. The anomaly and peak temperature of yield strength seem to be controlled by the anomaly of internal stress and the relative portion of internal and frictional stress in total flow stress, respectively. Asymmetric flow stress was observed in analogy with yield strength. In terms of constitutive parameters, critical stress for frictional flow (Σ₀) exhibited considerably higher value in compression, which physically postulates increased critical resolved shear stress (CRSS). Considering the crystallography and microstructure, it is presumably due to the ‘extrinsic’ effect of non-deviatoric stress tensor, as proposed in other studies.     

焊接缺陷评定参量的统计规律研究

为了应用概率断裂力学方法对焊接构件进行安全评定,本研究主要揭示缺陷评定参(?)的统计规律性。用随机抽取的J506、J507焊条焊接16Mn钢板,然后制备接头焊缝中心具有裂纹的宽板试件。通过拉伸试验、依据全面屈服准则确定接头焊缝金属的临界裂纹尺寸2α_(cr);经过统计计算,发现影响2α_(cr)的最显著因子,获得了2α_(cr)服从的最优统计分布。     

发展油料能源树种与开发生物柴油前景分析

种植油料能源树种,开发生物柴油对加快中国荒山绿化、保护环境、为农民增收和替代部分化石燃料具有十分重要的战略意义。全国现有油料能源树种资源约300万ha.,年可收获果实90多万t,能加工生物柴油30万t。还有5400万ha.宜林荒山荒沙地和1亿ha.边缘性难利用土地可以种植3600万ha.油料能源树种,建设“绿色油田”和开发生物柴油,其潜力巨大。     

高强让压锚杆支护效果数值模拟研究

高强让压锚杆支护就是在高强锚杆托盘和螺母之间加一让压环,通过让压环在一定压力下的变形使围岩卸压,可有效地控制住复杂难支护巷道的大变形.采用大型三维岩土工程数值模拟软件FLAC3D,对高强让压锚杆支护前后围岩变形破坏规律进行了数值模拟,对高强让压锚杆支护前后围岩的应力、位移及锚杆轴力的变化情况等进行了系统分析.结果表明,高强让压锚杆支护显著改善了巷道支护效果,有效地控制了复杂困难巷道的损伤变形.     

含盐冻结粉质粘土单轴抗压强度试验研究

通过对饱和含盐冻结粉质粘土单轴抗压强度试验,得到了试验条件下土体的单轴抗压强度与含盐量、负温的关系;讨论了应变速率一定,温度和含盐量变化时,含盐冻结粉质粘土的屈服应力和抗压强度间的关系;提出了相对温度这一新概念,并给出抗压强度与相对温度间的线性关系。相对温度的引入建立了盐渍土和非盐渍土力学性质的关系,从而可以用非盐渍土力学性质预测盐渍土的力学性质。     

基于内聚力模型的金属粉末压坯拉伸裂纹扩展模拟

压坯裂纹损伤预测分析对于生产高质量粉末冶金零件具有重要的指导作用。本文将修正的Drucker–Prager Cap模型与内聚力损伤模型相结合,并利用Python语言在损伤断裂区域内批量插入内聚力单元,模拟金属粉末压坯在外载荷作用下裂纹扩展过程。同时,采用不同类型的内聚力模型对巴西圆盘实验过程进行模拟,通过实验验证对比分析可知,采用指数内聚力模型模拟压坯拉伸裂纹扩展的结果与实验结果更为吻合,并且与实验后期压坯边缘出现剪切带的现象也较为一致。     

Viscoelasticity and shear yielding onset in amorphous glassy polymers

In the present work, the effect of viscoelasticity on the yield behaviour of a polycarbonate, PC, was studied and the identification of a yield criterion which takes into account the effects of the mechanical history on the onset of plastic strain, was attempted. The attention was focused on the shear yielding plastic deformation process and different loading histories were performed under uniaxial compression: constant strain rate at different rates, stress relaxation at different applied strain levels, creep under different stress levels. Some tests were also carried out under shear loading, in which the hydrostatic stress component is equal to zero and its effect on the yield onset can be considered. For the definition of a yield criterion, different quantities, some already proposed in an analogous work on a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), were considered and determined at yield onset for each of the applied loading histories. The results obtained in this work show that the relative ratios of the viscoelastic strain over the overall strain and of viscoelastic energy over the deformation work are fairly constant irrespective of both loading history and stress state. The re-elaboration of the data previously obtained on SAN is consistent with these results. Discussing the experimental data, differences between the mechanical behaviour of the two glassy polymers were pointed out and a more difficult activation of the plastic deformation process of PC than SAN was generally observed.     

Representation of Crack-Tip Plasticity in Pressure Sensitive Geomaterials: Large Scale Yielding

We model large scale Mohr-Coulomb yielding that accompany fractures in weak rocks, by means of dislocations. The basic equations are derived from a simple model of the crack tip plasticity which represents the plasticity by superdislocations placed at the effective centres of the crack tip process zone.     

统计技术在热轧钢板生产过程中的应用

介绍了应用于统计诊断和统计控制的原理，用此原理对热轧钢板屈服强度进行分析，提出了稳定控制板材性能的措施。