在矿浆过滤预处理中表面活性剂的应用

针对钼矿的基本物性,筛选合适的表面活性剂,进行钼矿浆过滤条件的试验研究。结果表明,钼矿浆中加入合适的表面活性剂后,增加了滤饼厚度,降低了滤饼湿含量,提高了对矿浆的处理能力。     

Optimising the dewatering behaviour of clay tailings through interfacial chemistry, orthokinetic flocculation and controlled shear

The effect of shear on dewatering behaviour and particle interactions of Na-exchanged smectite and kaolinite clay dispersions has been investigated at pH 7.5, using hydrolysable Ca(II) and Mn(II) ions as coagulants and high molecular weight anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAM A and PAM N, respectively) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) flocculants. Metal ion addition enhanced the flocculation performance by dramatically reducing the magnitude of the particle zeta potential and, in the case of smectite pulp, suppressing osmotic swelling. Under optimum orthokinetic flocculation conditions of controlled agitation rate and duration, PAM A and PEO-based flocs settled faster than those of PAM N whilst kaolinite pulps produced higher sedimentation rates than smectite pulps. The settling rates are nearly an order of magnitude greater than those observed under standard flocculant-pulp mixing/flocculation methods of inversion and plunging. The difference in the flocculant behaviour is attributed to the more expanded conformation of PAM A and PEO polymer chains in contrast to PAM N, whilst the lower yield stresses, reflecting inter-particle bridging and floc network structure strength that are conducive to faster clarification, were displayed by kaolinite pulps. Following shear, similar consolidation enhancement of ≈ 5-7 wt.% solid for both pulps was achieved at an optimum agitation range of 100-200 rpm. This was accompanied by decreased yield stress in the case of PAM A-based pulps, indicating non-reversible disruption of polymer mediated particle and floc network structure. In contrast, the yield stresses of PAM N and PEO flocculated dispersions indicated similar and stronger particle interactions, respectively, upon consolidation following shear. The findings show clear links between effect of shear, interfacial chemistry and polymer structure on pulp particle interactions and dewaterability.     

GC/MS characterization of effluents front the ozone bleaching of eucalypt kraft pulps

Concerns regarding the possible environmental effects of organochlorine by‐products from bleaching of pulp with chlorine‐based compounds have led to the pulp and paper industry developing new bleaching sequences. Ozone, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are the main reagents in these Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching processes.

In this study, eucalypt kraft pulps from a variety of Australian wood sources were subjected to bleaching sequences comprising oxygen, ozone and hydrogen peroxide/alkali extraction stages. The aqueous liquid effluents from each stage were analyzed by GC/MS for aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids and other by‐products. Pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivatives of the aldehydes and ketones were analyzed by electron impact GC/MS. The major carbonyl compounds detected were formaldehyde, glyoxal, dimethylglyoxal and acetone. An homologous series of n‐aldehydes corresponding to cleavage of ω‐3, 6, 9 and 12 unsaturated fatty acids also was detected. Aromatic aldehydes were identified in the oxygen stage and high consistency ozone stages, but not in any medium consistency ozone or post‐ozone bleach stages. In all stages a series of saturated alkyl carboxylic acids from formic to octacosanoic acid was detected. Formic and acetic acids were present in the highest yield. Only trace quantities of unsaturated fatty acids were detected. Details of these and other compounds detected are discussed.     

未脱墨废人民币纸浆配抄瓦楞原纸

为增加造纸工业的纤维原料来源并充分利用废人民币纸,本文对未脱墨废人民币纸浆配抄瓦楞原纸进行了初步的研究。采用5%氢氧化钠和硫酸溶液对废人民币纸进行化学预处理,再经PFI磨机械疏解后得到未脱墨的废人民币纸浆。采用纤维形态分析仪对未脱墨废人民币纸浆的纤维长度、宽度及其分布进行了分析检测。通过在废新闻纸浆中配加不同比例的未脱墨废人民币纸浆考查瓦楞原纸的质量指标,并对不同的纸浆配比进行分析。结果表明,废人民币纸浆的纤维长度在机械疏解过程中损失较多,只相当于草类原料化学浆的纤维长度。抄造定量为120 g/m2的瓦楞原纸,当废人民币纸浆配比增加时,瓦楞原纸的裂断长和环压指数均下降,废人民币纸浆的配抄比例控制在40%左右时,可以满足D级瓦楞原纸对裂断长和环压指数的要求。虽然废人民币纸浆的成纸强度较低而导致瓦楞原纸的强度指标下降,然而由于其原料价格较低,有利于降低瓦楞原纸的生产成本。     

Neural networks in process life cycle profit modelling

Changes in operational environment of the process industry such as decreasing selling prices, increased competition between companies and new legislation, set requirements for performance and effectiveness of the industrial production lines and processes. For the basis of this study, a life cycle profit (LCP) model of a pulp process was constructed using different kind of process information including chemical consumptions and production levels of material and energy flows in unit processes. However, all the information needed in the creation of relevant LCP model was not directly provided by information systems of the plant. In this study, neural networks was used to model pulp bleaching process and fill out missing information and furthermore to create estimators for the alkaline chemical consumption. A data-based modelling approach was applied using an example, where factors affecting the sodium hydroxide consumption in the bleaching stage were solved. The results showed that raw process data can be refined into new valuable information using computational methods and moreover to improve the accuracy of life cycle profit models.     

基于神经网络的统计优化方法及其在纸浆漂白工艺中的应用

应用三层前向网络作为预测纸浆漂白效果的分类模型。在网络能正常识别漂白效果所属类别的基础上，通过模拟计算和统计分析，确定了漂白工艺参数的优化操作区域。这为难以建立精确数学模型又是多约束的漂白工艺过程的优化提供了一种有效方法。     

The influence of pyrite content on the flotation of chalcopyrite/pyrite mixtures

In the flotation of copper ores, several processing plants report that copper recovery is affected by the proportion and reactivity of pyrite in the ore, with the effect becoming more intense when the feed particles are finer as a result of regrinding. In this work, a mixed model mineral system consisting of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and pyrite (FeS₂) with varying pyrite content (20–80 wt.%) was used to investigate the effect of pyrite on the pulp chemistry and chalcopyrite recovery. Flotation tests showed that chalcopyrite flotation rate, recovery and grade, as well as the pulp oxidation potential, decreased with increasing pyrite content whilst pyrite recovery increased. Surface analysis (XPS, ToF-SIMS and EDTA) indicated that copper activation of pyrite increased with increasing pyrite content, facilitating pyrite recovery. The decrease in chalcopyrite recovery can be attributed to increased surface oxidation.     

An application software for visualization and control configuration selection of interconnected processes

This paper presents a new application software for control configuration selection of interconnected industrial processes, called ProMoVis. Moreover, ProMoVis is able to visualize process models and process layout at the physical level together with the control system dynamics. The software consists of a builder part where the visual representation of the interconnected process is created and an analyzer part where the process is analyzed using different control configuration selection tools.The conceptual idea of the software is presented and the subsequent design and implementation of ProMoVis are discussed. The implemented analysis methods are briefly described including their usage and implementation aspects. The use of ProMoVis is demonstrated by an application study on the stock preparation process at SCA Obbola AB, Sweden. The results of this study are compared with the currently used control strategy.The study indicates that ProMoVis introduces a systematic and comprehensive way to perform control configuration selection. ProMoVis has been released under the Apache Open Source license.     

东鞍山难选铁矿石浮选与矿浆pH值,电位的关系

采用Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为调整剂，用氧化还原剂调控电位，研究了矿浆ｐＨ值及矿浆电位对东鞍山碳酸铁型难选矿、高亚铁型难选矿和现场生产矿样浮选行为的影响。     

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