Functionalized Nanostructures with Liquid‐Like Behavior: Expanding the Gallery of Available Nanostructures

Recently, we have developed a novel family of functionalized nanostructures that exhibit liquid‐like behavior in the absence of solvents and preserve their nanostructure in the liquid state. The gallery of nanostructures developed so far includes functionalized silica and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, layer‐like organosilicate nanoparticles, polyoxometalate clusters, and organic–inorganic hybrid networks. In an effort to demonstrate the wider applicability of this concept and to provide a deeper insight into this class of materials, the present work cites additional paradigms of functionalized nanostructures with similar behavior as above. In one case, surface functionalization of anatase nanoparticles (TiO₂, an inorganic nanostructure) with a quaternary ammonium organosilane leads to ionically modified nanoparticles that, when electrostatically combined with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐tailed sulfonate anion, exhibit liquid‐like behavior in the absence of solvents. In a different but quite interesting case of a bionanostructure, ion‐exchange functionalization of a DNA oligonucleotide with a PEG‐tailed quaternary ammonium cation leads to an easily separable liquid derivative with attractive features. These examples show the versatility of this concept over a range of nanostructures.     

The Fabrication and Characterization of Single‐Component Polymeric White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes

By using Ni⁰‐mediated polymerization, we have systematically synthesized a series of fluorene‐based copolymers composed of blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting comonomers with a view to producing polymers with white‐light emission. 2,7‐Dibromo‐9,9‐dihexylfluorene, {4‐(2‐[2,5‐dibromo‐4‐{2‐(4‐diphenylamino‐phenyl)‐vinyl}‐phenyl]‐vinyl)‐phenyl}‐diphenylamine (DTPA), and 2‐{2‐(2‐[4‐{bis(4‐bromo‐phenyl)amino}‐phenyl]‐vinyl)‐6‐tert‐butyl‐pyran‐4‐ylidene}‐malononitrile (TPDCM) were used as the blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting comonomers, respectively. It was found that the emission spectra of the resulting copolymers could easily be tuned by varying their DTPA and TPDCM content. Thus with the appropriate red/green/blue (RGB) unit ratio, we were able to obtain white‐light emission from these copolymers. A white‐light‐emitting diode using the polyfluorene copolymer containing 3 % green‐emitting DTPA and 2 % red‐emitting TPDCM (PG3R2) with a structure of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)/PG3R2/Ca/Al was found to exhibit a maximum brightness of 820 cd m^–2 at 11 V with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33,0.35), which are close to the standard CIE coordinates for white‐light emission (0.33,0.33).     

多孔烧结体室温吸气剂吸气动力学模型

从微孔中气体分子流扩散及表面化学吸附出发，探讨了多孔烧结体室温吸气剂吸气动力学模型。当气体分子在微孔中的扩散速率远低于孔壁吸气速率时，微孔内气体传质过程制约了吸气剂的吸气速率，其特点是吸气速率值不高，但衰减缓慢。     

State of Practice for Positive Moment Connections in Prestressed Concrete Girders Made Continuous

Precast bridges are often constructed as single span for dead load, but continuous for live load. A diaphragm connection is provided for negative moment continuity. However, the connection may also be subjected to positive moments due to time-dependent effects. Because these moments may be large enough to damage the diaphragm or even the girders, a positive moment connection is often provided. This paper reports on a study to determine the types of positive moment connections used across the country and to identify potential problems with these types of connections. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the state of practice for precast prestressed concrete bridges made continuous. The survey provides valuable information on this type of bridge and updates a previous survey on this subject.     

斜井前置液加砂技术现场应用

中原油田斜井(井斜20°)水力压裂过程中易产生多裂缝和存在严重弯曲摩阻,常出现早期脱砂现象。油、气井压裂后初期产量高,但递减快,稳产时间短(100d),累积产量少。针对这些问题研究了前置液加砂技术,现场应用结果表明,前置液中加入粉砂能有效控制压裂液滤失,降低储层伤害,实现裂缝深穿透,而且粉砂能支撑微裂缝,提高压裂效果;前置液加中砂能有效降低裂缝弯曲摩阻,提高施工成功率。应用该技术,中原油田斜井压裂成功率由初期的50%提高到95%以上,有效率88%,有效期延长了50d以上,应用效果显著。     

特钢长型材轧制技术新进展

在可持续发展原则指导下，强化控轧控冷、高精度轧制和改进表面与外形质量是当前特钢轧制技术发展的重点。     

大庆长垣以东古隆起天然气成藏条件的差异性

由长垣以东地区深层天然气分布特征，指出安达—肇州和朝阳沟—肇东古隆起是天然气运移指向和聚集的有利场所。造成安达—肇州古隆起上天然气显示好于朝阳沟—肇东古隆起上天然气显示，前者已获得了大量工业气流，而后者仅见少量气流或显示。但由于天然气在供气条件、储集条件、盖层条件、圈闭条件和运移条件上的差异，造成安达—肇州古隆起本身天然气显示也存在差异，昌德构造、卫星—升平构造和汪家屯构造天然气显示好于模范屯—肇州西构造天然气显示。     

催化裂化大油气管线阻焦剂的研究与开发

介绍了阻焦剂的阻聚分散机理，测定了不同组分的阻焦剂对不同性质原料的阻焦效果，并考察了不同加入浓度对阻焦率以及催化裂化产品分布的影响。试验结果表明：加入50—100μg/g的阻焦剂，可使催化裂化大油气管线阻焦率达到53．7％—63．8％，同时对产品分布及产品性质无不良影响，具有技术经济可行性。     

水吸收-催化燃烧技术处理PET聚酯废气的中试研究

应用水吸收—催化燃烧技术处理PET聚酯生产中排放的含乙二醇、2—甲基—1，3—二氧戊环、乙醛等废气。水吸收可以有效脱除高沸点的乙二醇，通过对乙醛的吸收、解吸作用使废气的总烃浓度得到均匀化处理；采用Pt／Pd／CeO2蜂窝状催化剂，在反应器床层空速40000h^-1，人口温度250℃，人口总烃浓度3522—5666μL/L的条件下，反应器出口总烃浓度54—84μL/L，乙醛浓度3—11μL/L，总烃去除率达到97．6％一98．9％，净化后气体符合国家排放标准。