住宅日照标准的多学科认识

从卫生学、法学、经济学以及能源学的角度对住宅日照标准的意义进行了探讨,论证了住宅日照对于人体健康的重要性,在经济资源分配中的意义,在处理法律中相邻关系的作用以及太阳能利用方面的需求。通过多学科的认识,体现出住宅日照标准的广泛意义与存在基础。     

Photo-electro catalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols on visible light-absorbing nitrogen-doped TiO2

Visible light illumination of nitrogen-doped TiO₂ brings about the selective oxidation of benzyl and cinnamyl alcohol to the corresponding aldehydes. The photocatalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterised mainly by XRD, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. The conditions limiting the observation of visible light photoactivity are the use of dry nitriles as nonaqueous solvents and aromatic alcohols as the substrates. No visible light oxidation takes place in an aqueous medium. The efficiency of benzyl and cinnamyl alcohol photo-oxidation in nitrile solvents follows the order: CH₃CN > CH₃CH₂CN > CH₃(CH₂)₂CN. Conversely, since alcohol photo-oxidation occurs with 100% selectivity on electrodes in O₂ saturated solutions at potentials close to E_fb or under open-circuit conditions, suspensions of the photocatalyst can be advantageously employed. The process involves a relatively weak adsorption of the alcohol substrates which, however, do not readily capture the photogenerated holes. On the basis of the electrochemical and photoluminescence data, it appears that the solvent (e.g. acetonitrile), in addition to O₂ has an active role in the reaction mechanism.     

Voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization of a cathodic and anodic pre-treated boron doped diamond electrode

The effect of boron doped diamond (BDD) surface termination, immediately after cathodic and anodic electrochemical pre-treatments, on the electrochemical response of a BDD electrode in aqueous media and the influence of the different supporting electrolytes utilized in these pre-treatments on the final surface termination was investigated with [Fe(CN)₆]^4−/3−, as redox probe, by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the electrochemical behavior for the redox couple [Fe(CN)₆]^4−/3− is very dependent on the state of the BDD surface, and a reversible response was observed after the cathodic electrochemical pre-treatment, whereas a quasi-reversible response occurred after anodic electrochemical pre-treatment. Differential pulse voltammetry in acetate buffer also showed that the potential window is very much influenced by the electrochemical pre-treatment of the BDD surface. Electroactivity of non-diamond carbon surface species (sp² inclusions) incorporated into the diamond structure was observed after cathodic and anodic pre-treatments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the cyclic voltammetry results and indicates that the BDD surface resistance and capacitance vary significantly with the electrolyte and with the electrochemical pre-treatment, caused by different surface terminations of the BDD electrode surface.     

氟磺胺草醚废水的处理研究

氟磺胺草醚废水是一种难降解有机废水,其废水中含有大量的二氯甲烷、二甲亚砜、氯苯等物质。采用吸附的方法进行预处理,结果表明,吸附后COD的去除率高达78%,吸附过程主要考察了吸附时间、活性炭种类、活性炭量对吸附效果的影响,通过多组数据控制参数找出最佳运行参数。在最佳状态下进行电解,考察电解时间对废水生化性的影响,找出最佳预处理的条件。     

吸收塔液位计引出管腐蚀失效分析

催化装置的吸收稳定系统的液位计引出管在运行中出现开裂现象,通过电镜观察、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析,以及金相检测等手段,对开裂的原因及机理进行了分析,并提出了关于材料本身和工艺的改进措施。     

靖边地区沙沟油田延9油藏成藏特征分析

沙沟油田是在靖边范围勘探程度较高的情况下发现的百万吨油田,它的发现对延安组油藏的发现有一定的指导意义。本文主要从成藏角度对沙沟油田进行阐述,指出油田圈闭以构造—岩性为主,单斜背景下发育的次级低缓鼻状构造对油气聚集具有控制作用;河道块状砂岩具有较好的粒度结构和胶结类型,是本区最有利的储集砂体。     

棉竹竹叶提取物在HCl中对钢和铝的缓蚀作用

采用失重法和动电位极化曲线首次研究了棉竹竹叶提取物在1.0 mol/LHCl溶液中对冷轧钢和工业纯铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明：棉竹竹叶提取物对冷轧钢具有非常好的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率达95%,且在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;对铝具有中等程度的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率仅为55%,在铝表面的吸附也服从Langmuir吸附模型。极化曲线表明竹叶缓蚀剂为混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

羰基合成工业中分离提纯CO方法

羰基合成工业中使用的分离提纯CO方法主要有Cosorb法、膜分离法、深冷法和变压吸附法。分析了几种分离方法的特点,重点介绍变压吸附法在我公司的应用。     

汽油饱和蒸气吸附用活性炭的制备

以煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备活性炭。建立了静态吸附装置,并通过该装置研究了90#汽油在不同活性炭样品上的吸附性能。在制备过程中,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸脱附性能的影响。研究发现,常温常压下活性炭对汽油饱和蒸气的吸附性能受多个参数的影响,其中BET比表面积影响最大,另外较大的孔、较宽的孔径分布,有利于脱附。同时得到最优的制备条件,碱炭比为5：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1h。     

Degree-days for the exergy analysis of buildings

This paper presents the application of degree-days utilized for the exergy analysis of buildings. The climate is observed as a basis for the exergy analysis of the energy usage of buildings. The definitions and functions of the outdoor temperature distribution density and its cumulative distribution frequency are introduced in the analysis. There are several relative exergy indicators for local climate conditions that are considered in the exergy analysis of the energy usage of buildings. The setting of these parameters allows the thermodynamic evaluation of engineering heating practices in separate locations.