硫铵料仓斗堵料的处理方法

目前有几种处理硫铵料仓斗堵料的方法,但效果均不理想。建议采用热电厂原煤内部疏松装置,通过内部扰动使硫铵松动,并且对硫铵料仓斗的改动量小,能自动工作,比较适合硫铵料仓斗的技术改造。     

A physico-chemical study of an NH3BH3-based reactive composition for hydrogen generation

In order to reduce the use of fossil energies, the development of new technologies, such as those concerning fuel cells, is required. However, fuel cells currently involve issues of storing and generating hydrogen. Borohydride materials, like ammonia borane (NH₃BH₃), seem to present an interesting solution to these problems. In fact, NH₃BH₃ contains 19.6 wt.% of hydrogen, of which a high percentage can easily be released by moderate heating. Understanding and controlling the behaviour of ammonia borane would allow the development of a safe, lightweight and compact hydrogen storage system. The final purpose would consist in having a device that is able to be integrated in nomad applications such as GSM, PDA; or in thermal accumulators. The present study reports on thermal decompositions of ammonia borane doped with various percentages of NH₄NO₃. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) permitted an understanding of the thermal behaviour of the material, and the detection of released hydrogen was examined by evolved gas analysis on a thermo-gravimetric analyser (TGA) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). Finally, in order to avoid fuel cell malfunctioning due to pollutant gases, an identification of the decomposition products was carried out.     

Effect of ammonium on the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners

Hydraulic conductivity and swell index tests were conducted on a conventional geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) containing sodium-bentonite (Na-B) using 5, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mM ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) solutions to investigate how NH₄⁺ accumulation in leachates in bioreactor and recirculation landfills may affect GCLs. Control tests were conducted with deionized (DI) water. Swell index of the Na-B was 27.7 mL/2 g in 5 mM NH₄⁺ solution and decreased to 5.0 mL/2 g in 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solution, whereas the swell index of Na-B in DI water was 28.0 mL/2 g. Hydraulic conductivity of the Na-B GCL to 5, 50, and 100 mM NH₄⁺ was low, ranging from 1.6–5.9 × 10^?11 m/s, which is comparable to the hydraulic conductivity to DI water (2.1 × 10^?11 m/s). Hydraulic conductivities of the Na-B GCL permeated with 500 and 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solutions were much higher (e.g., 1.6–5.2 × 10^?6 m/s) due to suppression of osmotic swelling. NH₄⁺ replaced native Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in the exchange complex of the Na-B during permeation with all NH₄⁺ solutions, with the NH₄⁺ fraction in the exchange complex increasing from 0.24 to 0.83 as the NH₄⁺ concentration increased from 5 to 1000 mM. A Na-B GCL specimen permeated with 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solution to chemical equilibrium was subsequently permeated with DI water. Permeation with the NH₄⁺ converted the Na-B to “NH₄-bentonite” with more than 80% of the exchange complex occupied by NH₄⁺. Hydraulic conductivity of this GCL specimen decreased from 5.9 × 10^?6 m/s to 2.9 × 10^?11 m/s during permeation with DI water, indicating that “NH₄-bentonite” can swell and have low hydraulic conductivity, and that the impact of more concentrated NH₄⁺ solutions on swelling and hydraulic conductivity is reversible.     

配煤含氮量与硫铵产量关系的研究

使用Minitab软件研究了配煤含氮量与硫铵产量之间的定量关系。研究表明,含氮量为0.8%～1.4%时,配煤含氮量与硫铵产量之间有明显的线性关系。含氮量改变0.1%,硫铵收率改变约0.01%。     

Biogas from lignocellulosic feedstock: A review on the main pretreatments,inocula and operational variables involved in anaerobic reactor efficiency

Research focused on reusing lignocellulosic waste has been gaining ground, both for the purpose of obtaining energy from renewable sources, as well as for reducing feedstock costs and preventing environmental pollution. Despite being currently evaluated as a promising feedstock, large-scale application of lignocellulosic waste to obtain bioenergy is still scarce. One of the obstacles in terms of reusing it is its recalcitrant composition, often requiring pretreatment applications to break its fibers, increasing its bioavailability. In addition to the type of substrate, there are many operational parameters that may affect the process efficiency, including the type of reactor, temperature, pH, inoculum source, among others. Considering this, it is interesting to consider using statistical tools instead of “one-factor-at-a-time” methods for simultaneous optimization of these variables to increase the production of value-added compounds, such as Plackett-Burman screening design and Central Composite Rotational Design. In this context, this review aimed at compiling data regarding obtaining value-added compounds, focusing on bio-H₂ and bio-CH₄, from different lignocellulosic waste, such as sugarcane bagasse, citrus peel waste, coffee and cereal husks, brewer's spent grain, cocoa processing waste, sawdust, among others, considering the main operational parameters involved (temperature, pH, inoculum) and the type of pretreatment applied (physical, chemical and/or biological). The results described here may support future research on reusing residual lignocellulosic waste, in addition to elucidating the importance of different operational parameters to convert this waste into H₂ and/or CH₄.     

氨基磺酸－氟化氢铵酸化液用于注水井解堵

本文介绍了由含氨基磺酸和多种助剂的商品缓速酸与氟化氢铵组成的酸化液ＨＳ－Ｆ，讨论了用于注水井解堵的原理和性能，报道了室内实验数据、施工工艺和现场试验结果。