酸化水解-活性污泥-生物接触氧化工艺处理有机污水

介绍了采用酸化水解——活性污泥——生物接触氧化工艺处理含有山梨醇、甘露醇、蔗糖、醋酸乙烯、甲基纤维素的有机污水。该工艺具有出水水质稳定，操作简单、管理方便，能耗低等优点，是处理该类有机污水的有效方法。     

Increase of N2O Fluxes in Agricultural Peat and Sandy Soil under Elevated CO2 Concentration: Concomitant Changes in Soil Moisture, Groundwater Table and Biomass Production of Phleum pratense

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on soil moisture, N₂O fluxes, and biomass production of Phleum pratense were studied in the laboratory. Farmed peat and sandy soil mesocosms sown with P. pratense were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer. In peat soil 10 g N m⁻² of commercial fertilizer were added and in sandy soil 15 g N m⁻². In both experiments, soil moisture was regulated with deionized water; 18 mesocosms were tended to keep equally moist, and the other 18 were watered with equal amounts of water. Nine mesocosms from both watering treatments were grown under ambient (360 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ concentration and the remaining nine under doubled (720 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂. N₂O efflux was monitored using a closed chamber technique and a gas chromatograph. The elevated supply of CO₂ increased production of above- and belowground biomass, soil moisture and N₂O fluxes, but decreased the total N content in the aboveground biomass, especially for the sandy soil. In similar water levels, N₂O efflux from the sandy soil was the same magnitude as that from the peat soil. In addition to moisture, N availability was the main limiting factor for N₂O production, but C availability also seemed to regulate the denitrification activity. In addition to an increase in C availability the increase in the N₂O efflux under the raised CO₂ concentration also required a simultaneous increase in soil moisture.     

气固相光催化氧化反应动力学分析

对气固相光催化氧化基元反应进行了动力学分析 ,建立了简单适用的动力学模型 .理论分析表明 ,在较低的紫外光强度下 ,光催化反应速率与光强成正比 ;在较高的光强度下 ,速率与光强的平方根成正比 ;在极高光强度下 ,速率与光强无关 .因此将光催化反应简单分解为 3个速率步骤 ,即光子传递步骤、表面作用步骤、扩散步骤 .设计了新颖的气固相光催化反应器 ,采用三氯乙烯 (TCE)为模拟污染物 ,实验结果验证了气固相光催化反应存在光子传递和表面作用控制步骤     

缩合型室温硫化硅橡胶耐热性的研究进展

从硅橡胶的分子结构分析了其耐热性优于普通橡胶的原因及热老化机理，并比较了几种硫化体系的缩合型室温硫化硅橡胶的耐热性，着重介绍了国内外提高室温硫化硅橡胶耐热性的方法和研究进展。     

Complete Oxidation of Methane at Low Temperature over Pt Catalysts Supported on High Surface Area SnO2

The catalytic activity of Pt catalysts supported on high surface area tin(IV) oxide in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean conditions at low temperature was studied in the absence and in the presence of water (10 vol.%) or H₂S (100 vol.ppm). Their catalytic properties were compared to those of Pd/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Al₂O₃. In the absence of H₂S in the feed, Pt/SnO₂appears as a very promising catalyst for CH₄ oxidation, being even significantly more active under wet conditions than the best reference catalyst, Pd/Al₂O₃. Catalysts steamed-aged at 873 K were also studied in order to simulate long term ageing in real lean-burn NGV exhaust conditions. To this respect, Pt/SnO₂ is slightly less resistant than Pd/Al₂O₃. In the presence of H₂S, Pt/SnO₂catalysts are rapidly and almost completely poisoned, comparably to Pd/Al₂O₃and the catalytic activity is hardly restored upon oxidising treatment below 773 K. A synergetic effect between Pt and specific surface SnO₂sites active in CH₄oxidation is proposed to explain the superior catalytic behaviour of Pt/SnO₂.     

Selectivities in methanol oxidation over silica supported molybdena

Selectivities in methanol oxidation over silica supported molybdenum oxide catalysts were investigated in relation with the phase distribution. The supported catalysts were prepared by impregnation with ammonium heptamolybdate. In addition to crystalline MoO₃, Mo containing cluster species of 1–2 nm size were observed by STEM even from a used catalyst with 13% catalyst loading. The percentage of Mo present as crystalline MoO₃ increases with the catalyst loading. An ESCA study indicates that part of surface Mo in the supported catalysts is reduced to Mo⁵⁺. The dimethyl ether selectivity increases with the catalyst loading and its formation occurs over the crystalline MoO₃ phase. The Selectivities to CO and methyl formate are greatly enhanced because of the presence of support, and are relatively independent of the catalyst loading and phase distribution. The dependence and independence of the Selectivities of different byproducts on the loading make the silica supported catalysts with high catalyst loadings less selective for the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.     

掺钾的锰－铈氧化物催化剂结构和甲苯完全氧化反应性能

本文研究了负载的铈－锰氧化物上掺钾对甲苯完全氧化反应性能的影响．结果表明当铈锰原子比为２：１以及钾锰原子比为０．４：１时．催化剂活性最好．稳定性实验表明．在２５０ｈ的时间内活性基本稳定不变．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征结果显示铈的加入促进了锰的高分散，加入的钾也显示高分散．表面上铈锰的比例与体相基本一致．铈和锰氧化物的Ｏｌｓ峰具有相同的结合能。     

Partial oxidation of ethane by in situ generated H2O2

Selective partial oxidation of ethane to ethanol and acetaldehyde by in situ generated H₂O₂ has been achieved under cathodic current passing through a carbon supported Nafion-H catalytic membrane. A correlation between H₂O₂ generation rate and reaction rate has been found.     

钴酞菁催化氧气氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲酸

研究了以钴酞菁为模拟酶催化剂、氧气液相氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲酸的最佳工艺条件,考察了温度、氧气压力、溶剂比〔V(甲醇)/V(苯)〕、反应时间、n(NaOH)/n(邻硝基甲苯)等参数对邻硝基苯甲酸收率的影响,发现助催化剂NaOH用量和溶剂体积比影响较大。在温度为40℃、氧气压力为3 0MPa、V(甲醇)/V(苯)=2、n(NaOH)/n(邻硝基甲苯)=11 7时,邻硝基苯甲酸收率可达77 8%。     

F-12纤维表面处理对复合材料壳体纤维强度转化率的影响

对F-12纤维表面进行聚合物涂层改性，通过NOL环复合材料剪切强度测试，研究不同浓度的聚合物表面处理液对复合材料层间剪切强度的影响．结果表明：F-12纤维表面经TDE-85／DDM体系处理后，复合材料层间剪切强度均高于未表面处理的纤维；当刚性涂层液质量分数为5％时，层间剪切强度最高，比未表面处理的纤维高50％左右．φ150mm容器爆破试验结果表明，F-12纤维表面经涂层液处理后，复合材料壳体纤维强度转化率平均提高2．3％，容器特性系数平均提高12．5％．