射频CO2激光陶瓷基板划片机

介绍了RFCO2 激光器及其对陶瓷基板划片的特点。分析了RFCO2 激光陶瓷基板划片的机理 ;给出了整机总体设计方案。对导光系统的激光束进行了模拟 ,给出了导光系统的光路图及聚焦镜焦平面处的光斑尺寸及能量分布图。整机性能指标达到国外进口机的水平     

异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺高温热处理高效制备聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑

针对高性能纤维聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑（PBO）现有制备方法单体合成困难、聚合工艺复杂及纺丝难度大等问题,采用高温热处理方法制备PBO. 合成4,6-二异丙氧基-1,3-二氨基苯作为单体,将其与对苯二甲酰氯缩聚制得PBO前驱体-异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺;该前驱体通过静电纺丝制成纳米纤维薄膜,并在350 ℃与氩气气氛等条件下,通过热处理成功实现了前驱体主链的分子内环化、制得目标PBO,制备出的PBO具有高达562 ℃的热降解温度。该方法摆脱了对传统易氧化4,6-二氨基-间苯二酚单体的依赖,显著降低了聚合和成型难度,丰富了PBO的制备方法学。     

Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for H2/CO2 Separation

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are proposed as promising candidates for engineering advanced molecular sieving membranes due to their precise pore sizes, modifiable pore environment, and superior stability. However, COFs are insoluble in common solvents and do not melt at high temperatures, which presents a great challenge for the fabrication of COF-based membranes (COFMs). Herein, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy is reported to prepare continuous and intact self-standing COFMs, including 2D N-COF membrane and 3D COF-300 membrane. Both COFMs show excellent selectivity of H₂/CO₂ mixed gas (13.8 for N-COF membrane and 11 for COF-300 membrane), and especially ultrahigh H₂ permeance (4319 GPU for N-COF membrane and 5160 GPU for COF-300 membrane), which is superior to those of COFMs reported so far. It should be noted that the overall separation performance of self-standing COFMs exceeds the Robeson upper bound. Furthermore, a theoretical study based on Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is performed to explain the excellent separation of H₂/CO₂ through COFMs. Thus, this facile preparation method will provide a broad prospect for the development of self-standing COFMs with highly efficient H₂ purification.     

超临界RESS法包覆超细RDX工艺

采用超临界流体RESS法对超细黑索今(RDX)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RDX造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试.结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟橡胶浓度0.4 g/mL以上,其造型粉颗粒尺寸增大;系统压力降低到1 2 MPa以下,颗...     

Understanding Boosted Selective CO2-to-CO Photoreduction with Pure Water Vapor over Hierarchical Biomass-Derived Carbon Matrix

Solar-driven CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) with water into carbon-neutral fuels is of great significance but remains challenging due to thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO₂. Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C_b) have been considered as promising earth-abundant photocatalysts for CO₂RR, although their activities are not ideal and the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Herein, an efficient catalyst is developed for CO₂-to-CO conversion realized on diverse N-C_b materials with hierarchical pore structures. It is demonstrated that the CO₂-to-CO conversion preferentially takes place on positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N using two representatives treated pollens with the largest difference in pyridinic-N density and N content as model photocatalysts. Systematic experimental results indicate that surface local electric field originating from charge separation can be boosted by hierarchical pore structures, doped N, as well as pyridinic-N. Mechanistic studies reveal that positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N serve as active sites for CO₂RR, reduce the energy barrier on the formation of CO*, and facilitate the CO₂RR performance. All these benefits cooperatively contribute to treated chrysanthemum pollen catalyst exhibiting excellent CO formation rate of 203.2 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ with 97.2% selectivity in pure water vapor. These results provide a new perspective into CO₂RR on N-C_b, which shall guide the design of nature-based photocatalysts for high-performance solar-fuel generation.     

Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Polymeric Materials by Colloidal Crystal Templating for Reversible CO2 Capture

The design and preparation of porous materials with controlled structures and functionalities is crucial to a variety of absorption‐ or separation‐relevant applications, including CO₂ capture. Here, novel functional polymeric materials with three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures are prepared by using colloidal crystals as templates using relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive approaches. These ordered structures are used for the reversible CO₂ capture from ambient air by humidity swing. Typically, the colloidal crystal template is synthesized from polymer latex particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS). To maintain the functionality of the material, it is important to prevent the porous structure collapsing, which can occur by the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in conventional crosslinkers under basic conditions. This hydrolysis can be prevented by using a water‐soluble crosslinker containing two quaternary ammonium moieties, which can be used to prepare stable porous crosslinked polymers with the monomer (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTMACl) and using a PMMA‐based colloidal crystal template. The hydroxide‐containing monomer and dicationic crosslinker are synthesized from their chloride precursors, avoiding the ion‐exchange step which causes shrinkage of the pores. An analysis of different methods for infiltrating the monomer solution into the colloidal crystal template shows that infiltration using capillary forces leads to fewer defects than infiltration under a partial vacuum. In addition, functional macroporous films with micrometer thickness are prepared from a template of PS‐based colloidal crystals in a thin film. In general, the colloidal crystal templated materials showed improved CO₂ absorption/desorption rates and swing sizes compared to a commercially available material with similar functional groups. This work could easily be extended to create a new generation of ordered macroporous polymeric materials with tunable functionalities for other applications.     

Ultrasmall Pd‐Cu‐Pt Trimetallic Twin Icosahedrons Boost the Electrocatalytic Performance of Glycerol Oxidation at the Operating Temperature of Fuel Cells

Recently, in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of direct polyol fuel cells, the engineering of effective Pd‐ and/or Pt‐based electrocatalysts to rupture C? C bonds has received increasing attention. Here, an example is shown to synthesize highly uniform sub‐10 nm Pd‐Cu‐Pt twin icosahedrons by controlling the nucleation phase. Because of the synergies of the electronic effect, synergistic effect, geometric effect, and abundant surface active sites originating from the formation of near surface alloy and special icosahedral shape, the Pd‐Cu‐Pt twin icosahedrons exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance in glycerol electrocatalysis at the operating temperature of direct alcohol fuel cells (70 °C) in KOH electrolyte. The Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons show mass activities of 9.7 A mg^?1_Pd+Pt and 13.7 A mg^?1_Pd. Furthermore, the Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons demonstrate long‐term durability in current–time test for 36 000 s and high in situ anti‐CO poisoning performance. In addition, the introduction of CO can enhance electro‐oxidation endurance on Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons, and the peak mass activity can reach to 14.4 A mg^?1_Pd+Pt. The in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicate that the Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons possess a high capacity to break C? C bonds and may efficiently convert glycerol into CO₂, thus improving the utilization efficiency of energy‐containing molecule glycerol.     

Facile Synthesis of Medium-Entropy Metal Sulfides as High-Efficiency Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent demand to produce clean hydrogen energy. In this study, a series of medium-entropy metal sulfides (MEMS) of (NiFeCoX)₃S₄ (where X = Mn, Cr, Zn) are synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal strategy using molecular precursors. Benefiting from the multiple-metal synergistic effect and the low crystallinity, these MEMS show significantly enhanced electrocatalytic OER activity compared with the binary-metal (NiFe)₃S₄ and ternary-metal (NiFeCo)₃S₄ counterparts. Especially, (NiFeCoMn)₃S₄ delivers a low overpotential of 289 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a decent Tafel slope of 75.6 mV dec⁻¹ and robust catalytic stability in alkaline medium, outperforming the costly IrO₂ benchmark electrocatalyst and the majority of the reported metal sulfide-based electrocatalysts until now. These MEMS with facile synthesis and excellent electrocatalytic performance bring a great opportunity to design desirable electrocatalysts for practical application.     

红外激光传输用聚苯乙烯—银—玻璃基体空心波导研究

利用液相镀膜法研制成了性能较好的传输用聚苯乙烯－银－玻璃基体小直径空心波导,波导长度达到1m左右,波导直径为800－1200μm,对于CO2激光（10.6μm）的传输损耗低达1.73dB/m,损伤阈值高于11.2W(17.2W/mm^2)。实验结果表明,聚苯乙烯－银－玻璃基体小直径空心波导适用于医学等领域CO2激光传输的要求,并有望在其他红外波段的激光能量传输中得到应用。     

旋转波片法测量电光调Q射频波导CO2激光器的内部参数

提出了一种测量电光调 Q射频波导 CO2 激光器内部参数的新方法 ,采用此方法可测量出激光器的小信号增益系数、内部损耗、饱和光强等内部参数 ,并可推广应用到其他种类激光器内部参数的测量。