Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) modifier to develop bimodal cell structure in polypropylene/TPU microcellular foam in presence of supercritical CO2

Currently, the fabrication of microcell and bimodal cell structures (BCS) in polymer foams by using supercritical fluids has become a hot as well as a challenging research area worldwide. In this work, an environmentally friendly, effective, facile, and CO₂-based foaming technique was presented to fabricate microcellular polypropylene (PP) foams with BCS via blending with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The toughness, thermal properties, rheological properties, and foamability of PP were systematically investigated with gradual incorporation of TPU. Representative sea-island structure was observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for the fracture surface of various PP/TPU samples. Rheological measurement results demonstrated that the viscoelasticity of various PP/TPU samples was improved remarkably compared with that of pure PP and pure TPU. The impact strength of various PP/TPU samples possessed the highest value as 12.4 kJ/m² with the TPU content of 15 wt%. After the addition of TPU, an ameliorative cellular morphology was observed in the SEM micrographs of various PP/TPU samples and their volume expansion ratio was enhanced significantly thanks to their improved melt elasticity. Moreover, it is worth noting that BCS appeared in various PP/TPU foams when the TPU content exceeded 5 wt%.     

Post-Translational Modifications of Retroviral HIV-1 Gag Precursors: An Overview of Their Biological Role

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in eukaryotes since they finely regulate numerous mechanisms used to diversify the protein functions and to modulate their signaling networks. Besides, these chemical modifications also take part in the viral hijacking of the host, and also contribute to the cellular response to viral infections. All domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor of 55-kDa (Pr55^Gag), which is the central actor for viral RNA specific recruitment and genome packaging, are post-translationally modified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIV-1 Pr55^Gag PTMs such as myristoylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, and ISGylation in order to figure out how these modifications affect the precursor functions and viral replication. Indeed, in HIV-1, PTMs regulate the precursor trafficking between cell compartments and its anchoring at the plasma membrane, where viral assembly occurs. Interestingly, PTMs also allow Pr55^Gag to hijack the cell machinery to achieve viral budding as they drive recognition between viral proteins or cellular components such as the ESCRT machinery. Finally, we will describe and compare PTMs of several other retroviral Gag proteins to give a global overview of their role in the retroviral life cycle.     

超临界CO2对钢材的腐蚀实验研究

采用静态高温高压釜及SEM现代分析测试手段,在分析超临界CO2存在形式及与原油、水交互作用的基础上,进行了超临界CO2对钢材的腐蚀实验研究。结果表明,在腐蚀系统SCF-CO2气相中,存在CO2腐蚀现象;液相中,腐蚀速率随压力增加而上升,12MPa达到峰值后下降。在纯水中12MPa时,液相和气相中的腐蚀速率趋于一致,腐蚀形貌表现为腐蚀瘤。30％的原油含量可在液相促进钢材腐蚀。腐蚀形貌表现为腐蚀瘤与腐蚀坑并存;但随含油量增加,会抑制钢材腐蚀。     

Electrolytic cell engineering and device optimization for electrosynthesis of e-biofuels via co-valorisation of bio-feedstocks and captured CO2

Utilizing CO₂ in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization technologies.CO₂ electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage strategy.The current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO₂.In this approach,CO₂ is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the anode.In this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical values.The reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis.     

Photocatalytic syngas synthesis from CO2 and H2O using ultrafine CeO2-decorated layered double hydroxide nanosheets under visible-light up to 600 nm

The rational design of photocatalyst that can effectively reduce CO₂ under visible light(l>400 nm),and simultaneously precise control of the products syngas(CO/H2)ratio is highly desirable for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.In this work,we synthesized a series of CeO₂-decorated layered double hydroxides(LDHs,Ce-x)samples for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction.It was found that the selectivity and productivity of CO and H₂ from photoreduction of CO₂ in conjunction with Ru-complex as photosensitizer performed an obvious“volcano-like”trend,with the highest point at Ce-0.15 and the CO/H₂ ratio can be widely tunable from 1/7.7 to 1/1.3.Furthermore,compared with LDH,Ce-0.15 also drove photocatalytic CO₂ to syngas under 600 nm irradiation.It implied that an optimum amount of CeO₂ modifying LDH promoted the photoreduction of CO₂ to syngas.This report gives the way to fully utilize the rare earth elements and provides a promising route to enhance the photo-response ability and charge injection efficiency of LDH-based photocatalysts in the synthesis of syngas with a tunable ratio under visible light irradiation.     

Efficient MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets for high temperature CO2 capture

Novel MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets were prepared by gel-casting and wet impregnation. The effect of Na⁺ and MgO on the structure and CO₂ adsorption performance of CaO sorbent pellets was elucidated. MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets with the diameter range of 0.5-1.5 mm exhibited an excellent capacity for CO₂ adsorption and adsorption rate due to the homogeneous dispersion of MgO in the sorbent pellets and its effects on the physical structure of sorbents. The results show that MgO can effectively inhibit the sintering of CaO and retain the adsorption capacity of sorbents during multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. The presence of mesopores and macropores resulted in appreciable change of volume from CaO (16.7 cm³∙mol⁻¹) to CaCO₃ (36.9 cm³∙mol⁻¹) over repeated operation cycles. Ca2Mg1 sorbent pellets exhibited favorable CO₂ capture capacity (9.49 mmol∙g⁻¹), average adsorption rate (0.32 mmol∙g⁻¹∙min⁻¹) and conversion rate of CaO (74.83%) after 30 cycles.     

CO2体积分数对燃煤细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大的影响

为研究燃煤烟气中CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大效果的影响,建立了计算模型并搭建了实验平台,分别从理论计算和实验研究两方面探讨了CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物凝结长大效果的影响。结果表明:随着CO₂体积分数升高,混合烟气的热、质扩散系数均降低,生长管内平均过饱和度增加,细颗粒物长大效果明显;管壁温度越高,随着CO₂体积分数的提高,细颗粒物粒径越大。     

Reactivity study and kinetic evaluation of CuO-based oxygen carriers modified by three different ores in chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process

In the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process,CuO is a promising material due to the high oxygen carrier capacity and exothermic reaction in fuel reactor but limited by the low melting point.The combustion rate of carbon is faster than the decoupling rate of oxygen carrier (OC).Hence,high tem-perature tolerance and rapid oxygen release rate of CuO modified by three different ores were investi-gated in this study.The kinetics analysis of oxygen decoupling with Cu-based oxygen carriers was also evaluated.Results showed that CuO modified by chrysolite had faster oxygen release rate than that of CuO.Limestone showed obvious positive effect on the oxidization process.The selected OCs could keep stable in at least 20 cycles,for about 1200 min.Shrinking core model (SCM) fitted well for the decoupling process in the temperature range of 1123-1223 K.Reduction rate kinetic information may aid in the development of chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) technologies during reactor design and process modeling.Ternary doped copper oxide with chrysolite and limestone could improve the reactivity of CuO in decoupling and coupling process and also improve the high temperature tolerance.     

残留CO2对石灰在转炉初渣中溶解的影响

 在转炉炼钢过程中,石灰快速溶解对转炉高效脱磷具有十分重要的意义,石灰溶解过程中熔渣/石灰界面处形成的2CaO·SiO₂产物层被认为是阻碍石灰溶解的关键因素。制备了具有两种不同CO₂含量的部分煅烧石灰石,采用浸泡法研究了部分煅烧石灰石在转炉初渣中的溶解行为,并与纯石灰、石灰石的溶解行为进行比较。结果表明,石灰石溶解时在液态熔渣中CaO的传质系数为石灰的2.1倍,残留CO₂质量分数为10%的部分煅烧石灰石的传质系数高达石灰石的6.7倍。在CO₂质量分数为0～43.5%时,石灰的溶解速率先增大后减小。石灰溶解过程中形成的2CaO·SiO₂层严重阻碍了FeO_x的扩散,从而减缓了石灰的溶解。与石灰不同,石灰石分解产生的CO₂能够破坏2CaO·SiO₂层并破坏自身结构,有利于熔渣的渗透,这也适用于残留CO₂的部分煅烧石灰石。制备纯石灰的过程中为了确保石灰芯部完全煅烧,因此极易导致石灰外表面发生过烧,而制备部分煅烧石灰石能在一定程度上解决表面过烧的问题。此外,与石灰石相比,部分煅烧石灰石由于表面是石灰外壳,溶解初期其表面附近的炉渣温降相对更低,能够避免溶解初期出现停滞阶段。在转炉富余热量有限的情况下,部分煅烧石灰石的石灰替换比高于石灰石,这取决于部分煅烧石灰石中的CO₂残留量。     

CO2/H2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

本文综述了CO2、H2S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素,提出了开发经济型油管的设想.