Strong Electronic Interaction of Amorphous Fe2O3 Nanosheets with Single‐Atom Pt toward Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

Platinum‐based catalysts are critical to several chemical processes, but their efficiency is not satisfying enough in some cases, because only the surface active‐site atoms participate in the reaction. Henceforth, catalysts with single‐atom dispersions are highly desirable to maximize their mass efficiency, but fabricating these structures using a controllable method is still challenging. Most previous studies have focused on crystalline materials. However, amorphous materials may have enhanced performance due to their distorted and isotropic nature with numerous defects. Here reported is the facile synthesis of an atomically dispersed catalyst that consists of single Pt atoms and amorphous Fe₂O₃ nanosheets. Rational control can regulate the morphology from single atom clusters to sub‐nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations show the synergistic effect resulted from the strong binding and stabilization of single Pt atoms with the strong metal‐support interaction between the in situ locally anchored Pt atoms and Fe₂O₃ lead to a weak CO adsorption. Moreover, the distorted amorphous Fe₂O₃ with O vacancies is beneficial for the activation of O₂, which further facilitates CO oxidation on nearby Pt sites or interface sites between Pt and Fe₂O₃, resulting in the extremely high performance for CO oxidation of the atomic catalyst.     

大功率射频板条CO_2激光器电极波导介质膜研究

针对高功率射频板条CO2激光器铜电极表面放电氧化、受射频放电的电子溅射,致使电极表面不光滑,辉光放电不均匀,光波导损耗严重等问题。利用Al2O3波导介质膜具有的反常色散效应、耐高温能力强的特点,采用磁控溅射镀膜技术对激光器电极表面先镀Al,而后阳极氧化获得Al2O3波导介质膜。分析了磁控溅射工艺对膜层结构的影响,测量了镀膜电极对CO2激光的反射率,并进行了放电实验检测。结果表明,溅射功率为250 W时可得到致密的镀膜层结构;厚度6μm的Al2O3薄膜,对波长10.6μm的CO2激光波导反射率最高达75%;电极镀膜后激光器输出功率在占空比为30%时为700 W,占空比为60%时达到了1300 W。     

高温-超压-高CO2背景下致密砂岩储层成岩作用特征——以莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组为例

利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、阴极发光及碳氧同位素分析等手段,对莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组高温-超压-高CO₂背景下的储层成岩作用特征及其对孔隙的影响进行了系统研究。研究结果表明: ①莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组储层发育重力流沉积,岩性以中-细粒长石岩屑石英砂岩为主,储层物性以特低-低孔、特低渗特征为主。②压实、胶结和溶蚀作用是研究区主要的成岩作用类型。超压对黏土矿物的转化及石英次生加大具有明显抑制作用,并在一定程度上保护了原生孔隙。富含CO₂的高温流体不仅造成了黏土矿物的异常转化,同时促进了溶蚀作用发生,增加了次生孔隙。③研究区黄二段储层的成岩演化序列为: 菱铁矿胶结→石英次生加大→绿泥石胶结→长石淋滤溶蚀→高岭石形成→早期方解石胶结→早期白云石胶结→长石溶蚀→方解石溶蚀→伊利石大量生成→晚期铁方解石、铁白云石形成。④总体上,压实作用使孔隙度减少了45.30%～62.93%,胶结作用使孔隙度减少了1.65%～35.01%,溶蚀作用使孔隙度增加了0.72%～8.00%。其中,黄流组中下部砂岩储层受到了超压保护和CO₂溶蚀作用的双重影响,物性较好,钻井过程中应考虑高CO₂风险。     

5Cr套管钢在不同CO2分压下高温高压腐蚀特性研究

为了研究5Cr套管钢在不同CO₂分压下的腐蚀特性,进行了5Cr套管钢高温高压腐蚀失重和高温高压电化学试验,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对其腐蚀产物进行微观分析。结果表明,在高温高压腐蚀环境下随着CO₂分压从低到高,其表面点蚀坑的深度和直径均无明显变化,而点蚀速率则出现逐渐减小的趋势;其腐蚀产物膜由Cr(OH)₃、FeCO₃和CaCO₃共同组成,且随着CO₂分压的升高Cr的富集量逐渐增加;在电化学测试中,随着CO₂分压的不断升高,5Cr套管钢表现出半钝化特征,产物膜逐渐增厚且致密,且极化电阻逐渐增大,阳极反应受到抑制,电化学反应阻力增大,其抗局部腐蚀能力不断提高。     

几种CO2激光切雕机光开关的设计与研究

设计与研究了几种用于CO2激光切雕机的光开关,并对其性能进行了讨论和比较。     

Low-pressure pyrolysis studies of a new phosphorus precursor: Tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine

The low pressure decomposition of tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino) phosphine, (t-Bu)P(NMe₂)₂, (TBBDMAP), has been studied on quartz and deposited GaP and InP surfaces. This new phosphorus precursor has been found to pyrolyze on quartz surfaces at much lower temperatures than the related compounds tertiarybutylphosphine, (t-Bu)PH₂, (TBP) and tris(dimethylamino)phosphorus, P(NMe₂)₃, (TDMAP). In contrast to the results obtained for TDMAP, GaP and InP surfaces decrease the decomposition temperature of TBBDMAP only slightly. The TBBDMAP reaction products were dimethylamine, methylmethyleneimine, and isobutylene, consistent with previous pyrolysis studies of TBP and TDMAP.     

带油环凝析气藏油气界面流体组成的确定

凝析气藏组分数值模拟需要定义某一深度的流体组成及其状态参数,对于带油环凝析气藏来说,油气界面处定义油样还是气样,对油气储量及生产动态影响很大.以印尼某凝析气田取自同一油气水的油样H5(U3)和气样H5(U2)为对象,进行油气闪蒸试验.结果表明,气样闪蒸出的油与油样误差比油样闪蒸出的气与气样误差小,结合实际生产的要求,确定该凝析气藏数值模拟计算时油气界面处定义气样.     

Selective CO oxidation with real methanol reformate over monolithic Pt group catalysts: PEMFC applications

Alumina supported Pt group metal monolithic catalysts were investigated for selective oxidation of CO in hydrogen-rich methanol reforming gas for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. The results are described and discussed in the present paper and show that Pt/γ_Al2O3$\mathrm{Pt}/\gamma {\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ was the most promising candidate to selectively oxidize CO from an amount of about 1 vol% to less than 100 ppm. We have investigated the effect of the O₂ to CO feed ratio, the feed concentration of CO, the presence of H₂O and/or CO₂, and the space velocity on the activity, selectivity and stability of Pt/Al₂O₃ monolithic catalysts. Afterwards, the Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst was scaled up and applied in 5 kW hydrogen producing systems based on methanol steam reforming and autothermal reforming. The hydrogen produced was then used as fuel for an integrated PEMFC.     

氯苯在飞灰表面低温生成二恶英的特性

以1,2,3-三氯苯作为前趋物,在管式炉中研究了其在垃圾焚烧飞灰表面低温生成二恶英的分布特性,运用高分辨气相色谱／低分辨质谱仪分别测定了气相和固相中的二恶英总量以及毒性当量I-TEQ值．实验结果表明, 250℃是1,2,3-三氯苯在飞灰表面生成二恶英的最佳温度,生成的二恶英主要分布在气相中,与五氯酚相比,氯苯属于反应活性低的二恶英前趋物．