Influence of notch radius and R-curve behaviour on the fracture toughness evaluation of WC-Co cemented carbides

In this work the apparent fracture toughness of different grades of WC-Co cemented carbides has been evaluated by means of the single edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) method. The results are analysed, as a function of both the binder mean free path and the maximum steady-state crack shielding value, following a theoretical approach which assumes the existence of a small crack at the notch tip. The experimental findings indicate that larger defects at the notch tip and/or existence of R-curve behaviour imply higher (i.e. less restricted) values of the minimum notch radius required in SEVNB specimens for a reliable assessment of the fracture toughness of cemented carbides.     

高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的气体渗透问题研究进展

简要回顾和总结了国内外学者对处置库中的气体形成与渗透机制,注气试验装置与试验方法,以及气体渗透特性等方面的研究成果和最新进展。研究表明,深地质处置库运营过程中会由于金属无氧腐蚀等产生以氢气为主的多组分气体,气体在缓冲/回填材料中主要以对流–扩散渗流、黏性–毛细管两相流、局部膨胀通道渗流和沿宏观裂缝渗流等4种机制渗透。为此,各国学者先后研发了恒体积渗透装置、K0渗透装置、等向应力渗透装置和三轴渗透装置等注气试验装置,采用控制注气流量速率法或控制注气压力法开展了大量注气试验,发现缓冲/回填材料的气体渗透率和特征压力等渗透特性均与其物理性质和边界条件等诸多因素有关。考虑到处置库实际运营工况的复杂性,多场(热–水–化–力)多相(固–液–气)耦合条件下的缓冲/回填材料的气体渗透特性研究将是今后的一个重要工作方向。     

PCCP管施工回填土深层压实度检测方法研究

预应力钢筒混凝土管(简称PCCP)在国内外地下输水工程中得到广泛的应用,天津市南水北调配套工程亦使用了这种管材。回填土压实质量的好坏直接影响着工程质量,如何快速、准确地获得回填土深层压实度,对于保证工程质量十分重要。本文提出了轻型动力触探和无核密湿度仪相结合的回填土深层压实度检测方法,通过现场试验,获得轻型动力触探的锤击数与压实度并建立相关关系,并采用无核密湿度仪现场检测压实度以进行关系曲线的校准。通过实际工程应用,PCCP回填土深层压实度和轻型动力触探的锤击数具有良好的相关性,且该方法设备简单、操作容易、经济适用,并可随工程检验进行关系曲线的校验以提高精度,值得推广应用。     

Time- and temperature-dependence of compressive and tensile behaviors of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill

The understanding of compressive and tensile behaviors of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill (FR-CPB) play crucial roles in the successful implementation of reinforcement technique in underground mine backfilling operations. However, very limited studies have been performed to gain insight into the evolution of compressive and tensile behaviors and associated mechanical properties of FR-CPB under various curing temperatures from early to advanced ages. Thus, this study aims to investigate the time (7, 28, and 90 d)- and temperature (20°C, 35°C, and 45°C)-dependence of constitutive behavior and mechanical properties of FR-CPB. The obtained results show that pre- and post-failure behaviors of FR-CPB demonstrate strongly curing temperature-dependence from early to advanced ages. Moreover, the pseudo-hardening behavior is sensitive to curing temperature, especially at early ages. Furthermore, the mechanical properties including elastic modulus, material stiffness, strengths, brittleness, cohesion, and internal friction angle of FR-CPB show increasing trends with curing temperature as curing time elapses. Additionally, a predictive model is developed to capture the strong correlation between compressive and tensile strength of FR-CPB. The findings of this study will contribute to the successful implementation of FR-CPB technology.     

Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane loading

This paper provides insight into the seismic behavior of a full-scale precast reinforced concrete wall under in-plane cyclic loading combined with out-of-plane loading replicated by sand backfill to simulate the actual condition of basement walls. The tested wall exhibited flexural cracks, owing to the high aspect ratio and considerable out-of-plane movement due to lateral pressure from the backfill. The wall performed satisfactorily by exhibiting competent seismic parameters and deformation characteristics governed by its ductile response in the nonlinear phase during the test with smaller residual drift. Numerical analysis was conducted to validate experimental findings, which complied with each other. The numerical model was used to conduct parametric studies to study the effect of backfill density and aspect ratio on seismic response of the proposed precast wall system. The in-plane capacity of walls reduced, while deformation characteristics were unaffected by the increase in backfill density. An increase in aspect ratio leads to a reduction in in-plane capacity and an increase in drift. Curves between the ratio of in-plane yield capacity and design shear load of walls are proposed for the backfill density, which may be adopted to determine the in-plane yield capacity of the basement walls based on their design shear.     

谈工程勘察钻孔回填的方式与方法

通过调查研究工程勘察过程中钻孔回填的情况,对现阶段大量钻孔未进行回填的原因作了分析,并论述了未回填钻孔对工程的危害,同时探索了钻孔回填所用材料、回填方法及要求,以供参考借鉴。     

超高水材料袋式长壁充填开采覆岩控制技术研究与应用

系统分析了超高水材料袋式充填开采采场覆岩结构的特点,得出了工作面支架需控岩层范围及其变化特征,揭示了长壁充填开采“支架-围岩”关系,明确了提高充填率是超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩下沉控制的关键因素。结合亨健矿2515工作面充填开采地质与开采技术条件,开发并实施了隔板布置优化、采空区埋管补注浆充填、离层区打钻补注浆充填等充填率保障技术与工艺。现场实测结果表明,超高水材料袋式充填开采工作面矿压显现缓和、采场围岩破裂范围较小且能有效控制地表下沉：① 工作面巷道顶底板最大移近量为258 mm,两帮最大移近量为183 mm,围岩变形较小;② 微震监测系统表明,2515工作面超前破裂范围为20~30 m,围岩破裂高（深）度为顶板以上40 m至底板以下10 m,1个月后（推进距离60 m左右）已充填区域微震事件逐渐消失;③ 地表最大下沉量为265 mm,实测下沉系数为0.06。     

废弃混凝土粗骨料对充填膏体性能的影响

为解决废弃混凝土长期堆放占用土地资源,破坏周围生态环境的问题,利用废弃混凝土粗骨料替代煤矸石制备充填膏体,分别测定了其初始坍落度与扩展度、流变性能,以及静置2 h后的坍落度与扩展度、泌水率及单轴立方体抗压强度。结果表明：废弃混凝土粗骨料对初始流动性能的影响显著,随着废弃混凝土粗骨料替代率的增加,初始坍落度由25 cm逐渐减小到22 cm,而对充填膏体的静置流动性能影响较小;随着废弃混凝土粗骨料替代率的增加,屈服应力及塑性黏度均呈上升趋势;废弃混凝土粗骨料对充填膏体的泌水有很好的抑制作用,随废弃混凝土粗骨料替代率的增加,泌水率由5.56% 逐渐减小到4.61%;随着废弃混凝土粗骨料替代膏体矸石量的增加,废弃混凝土充填膏体试件的抗压强度先增大后减小,综合分析选取了废弃混凝土粗骨料替代矸石量的合理范围。     

基于固体充填开采的井筒保护煤柱留设方法研究

为解决固体充填开采工业广场煤柱时井筒保护煤柱的合理留设问题,根据井筒破坏特性,对充实率、井筒保护煤柱尺寸等充填开采条件下影响井筒失效主控因素进行分析,提出了基于充实率控制的井筒保护煤柱留设原理;以此为基础,分析了垂直剖面法、科瓦尔契克概率积分法及ABAQUS数值模拟法等井筒保护煤柱留设方法,并提出了剖面法设置煤柱边界,理论计算与数值模拟相结合逐渐缩小边界的充填开采井筒保护煤柱综合留设方法及设计流程,并将此方法应用于百善煤矿充填开采回收工业广场煤柱,得到不同充实率条件下井筒保护煤柱范围划分.结果表明,固体充填开采充实率控制在80％以上,以留设半径154 m井筒煤柱计算,至少可安全解放出煤炭174.5万t.     

不同形状尺寸充填试样强度研究

通过开展不同形状、尺寸充填试样单轴抗压试验,进行全尾砂胶结充填体强度尺寸效应研究,探究全尾砂胶结充填体尺寸效应现象及不同形状与尺度充填试样间的强度换算。研究表明:在料浆砂灰比和浓度相同条件下,大尺寸充填试样抗压强度高于小尺寸充填试样;各形状及尺寸充填试样强度呈幂函数关系,强度间换算关系与砂灰比及料浆浓度无关,可由同一函数表达。