Analysis of crude palm oil composition in a chemical process conveyor using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

In this work, we aim to analyse the capability of using a 16-segmented Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) sensor system to monitor the internal composition of a chemical process conveyor that carries crude palm oil (CPO) multiphase flow. The source used to excite the electrodes is a differential potential, instead of the conventional single potential source, in order to obtain an improved sensitivity of the sensor, especially in the central area of the pipe. This system aims to recognise the phase concentration of the flow. The attained concentration profile that is received from the capacitance measurements is capable of providing an image of the liquid and liquid mixture in the pipeline, making the separation process (between oil and liquid waste) much easier and the CPO's quality can be dependably monitored. Experimental results and analysis are presented, and the new excitation technique is shown to provide better sensor sensitivity in the central pipe area. The visualisation results deliver information regarding the flow regime and concentration distribution in a two-phase flow-rate measurement system incorporating a liquid flow-measuring device. The information obtained will assist the design of process equipment, and the verification of existing computational modelling and simulation techniques.     

Validation of a Method for Quantitation of Soybean Lectin in Commercial Varieties

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) protein, also known as soybean lectin, is regarded as an anti‐nutrient due to its negative effect on the ability of monogastric animals to gain weight following consumption of raw soybean seed. Historically, SBA has been measured using a time‐consuming and cumbersome hemagglutination procedure. The objective of our research was to obtain a validated methodology that is precise and accurate in the measurement of SBA while allowing minimally equipped laboratories to effectively conduct the analysis, thus our focus was on evaluating an existing commercially available ELISA, an enzyme‐linked‐lectin‐assay (ELLA), and a hybrid ELISA/ELLA. A new ELLA technique that can detect and quantify lectins was chosen and modified specifically for the quantitation of SBA in soybean seed. The proposed ELLA methodology is similar to a standard sandwich ELISA, and uses polyacrylamide‐linked N‐acetylgalactosamine (Gal–NAc–PAA) for a capture phase and the biotinylated version (Gal–NAc–PAA–Biotin) for detection. Based upon the validation data, the ELLA method can precisely and accurately determine soybean lectin levels in soybean seed. The validated ELLA method was used to quantify SBA in nine commercial soybean varieties introduced between 1972 and 2008 and demonstrated that the natural variability of SBA is subject to the effects of genotype and environment.     

“空间构图”中国现代建筑“空间”话语的一个重要概念

“空间”是中国现代建筑中一个非常重要的话语.从“空间构图”这个开启中国现代建筑“空间”话语的关键词入手,文章试图展现“空间”概念怎么与“布杂”体系的构图原理相结合,目的在于呈现“空间”概念是如何对中国现代建筑产生影响的.     

Synergistic Role of Pumice Surface Composition in Hydroxyl Radical Initiation in the Catalytic Ozonation Process

This study investigated the catalytic ozonation of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in aqueous solution by using different pumice surface compositions as catalysts. The results indicate that the surface hydroxyl groups of metal oxides on pumice play an important role in ozone decomposition to generate the hydroxyl radical (?OH). An increase in the mass ratio of SiO₂/metal oxides results in the acceleration of ozone adsorption on the catalyst surface. The synergistic mechanism confirms that SiO₂ induced ozone enrichment on the pumice surface and increased the probability of reaction between surface hydroxyl groups on metal oxides and ozone molecules to initiate ?OH from ozone decomposition and to stimulate p-CNB degradation.     

Preparation of porous SiC ceramics skeleton with low-cost and controllable gradient based on liquid crystal display 3D printing

In recent years, the demand for gradient porous ceramics is increasing in engineering field. By traditional process, the disadvantage of prepared gradient porous ceramics is its low porosity and uncontrollable pore gradient, which limits the wide application of gradient porous ceramics. In this study, the gradient porous ceramic skeleton (GPCS) was prepared by combining liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printer with liquid silicon infiltration (LSI). Experimental results showed that the mass of ceramic powder in the ceramic slurry with optimal printing performance accounts for 45% of the mass of photosensitive resin, and the thermal decomposition rate of photosensitive resin is faster in the range of 300–450 °C. Furthermore, the effect of LSI temperature on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of GPCS was investigated. The GPCS is expected to be applied in the fields of energy storage, heat transfer and biofouling, among others.     

乳脂肪球膜功能特性的研究进展

乳脂肪以脂肪球的形式存在,乳脂肪球膜是包裹在乳脂肪球周围的三层生物薄膜,具有很高的营养价值。随着食品科学研究的深入和分离技术的发展,乳脂肪球膜中的活性成分及其功能作用正在逐渐被揭示。乳脂肪球膜是含有蛋白质、磷脂、鞘脂、神经节苷脂、胆碱、唾液酸和胆固醇的混合物,这些成分是具有重要功能的食品成分,应用于配方食品生产。本文综述了乳脂肪球膜中常见的蛋白质、脂质及其生物活性,综述了近年来乳脂肪球膜及其成分在改善肠道健康、改善大脑发育、改善肥胖及相关并发症、改善老年人虚弱、抗癌、抗氧化和缓解疲劳等方面的体内研究和临床研究进展,并讨论了其可能的作用机制,以期为乳脂肪球膜配料的研发及其在配方食品中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

基于XML的具有性能约束构件的组装技术

采用在软总线TAO(The ACE ORB)上利用XML文档中所包含的语义化的抽象数据类型对构件对象进行操作,从而实现语义化的性能约束构件组装。建构的XML模式描述了构件组装相关的构件接口、交互及配置规约,并通过接口显式地表达构件对环境的依赖,使得能在一个分布式的网络环境里,将多个处于不同节点、提供紧密相关服务的构件在运行时动态地组装成功能系统。在给出的示例中,实现了将三个分布在不同节点的性能约束构件通过它们接口的交互及配置,实现在运行时开放的松散式组装。最后给出了下一步研究工作的重点及方向。     

Web Services框架中的面向业务管理方法

面向业务环境中的基础业务,以JMX作为基础结构,提出了相应的管理准则和管理模式,生成与原有业务相关联的管理业务。以流模型为基础,以业务级约定SLA为驱动,该业务管理结构可以实现基础业务的协作,构建复杂的合成业务,实现特定的商业应用,给出了过程拓扑结构,说明了相关商业过程管理问题。最后,给出了用于监视和控制业务的度量模型的模块化构建方法。     

Preparation and corrosion resistance of nonstoichiometric lanthanum zirconate coatings

Lanthanum zirconate is a promising thermal barrier coating material owing to its excellent thermophysical properties and La plays the key role in its corrosion resistance. Here, an amorphous precursor is used as raw feedstock material so as to synthesize lanthanum zirconate coatings with tailorable composition by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). Three lanthanum zirconate coatings of La_1.7Zr_2.3O_7.15, La_2.0Zr_2.0O_7.0 and La_2.3Zr_1.7O_6.85 are fabricated. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the as-sprayed coatings against CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ at 1250℃ is investigated. The increased La content promotes the formation of a sealing layer of the crystalline Ca₂La₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ apatite, which slows down the penetration of molten CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂. Therefore, the infiltration rate of the La_2.3Zr_1.7O_6.85 coating decreased up to 42.6 % compared with the other two coatings. This work develops a feasible preparation strategy to control the La composition for the improved corrosion resistance, which is expected to guide the future coating design and synthesis for the materials with big composition changes during the APS process.     

Effects of composition on electrochemical properties of a non-precious metal catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction

A family of non-precious metal catalysts, Co-PPy-TsOH/C, has been synthesized with different amount of pyrrole and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH). Elemental contents of Co, N, C, S, H and O in the obtained catalysts have been measured with physicochemical techniques and the performance of these catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been evaluated with electrochemical techniques. Then, the results obtained have been discussed with principal component analysis and linear correlation analysis to find the correlation/anticorrelation between the composition and electrochemical properties. It is revealed that the used amount of pyrrole has much more apparent effect than TsOH on elemental contents in the Co-PPy-TsOH/C catalysts, while both of them influence the ORR activity and mechanism of the catalysts. Besides, the effects of the contents of each element on the electrochemical performance have also been analyzed to guide the future development of similar catalysts.