A robust critical path in an environment with hybrid uncertainty

In this article, we consider the project critical path problem in an environment with hybrid uncertainty. In this environment, the duration of activities are considered as random fuzzy variables that have probability and fuzzy natures, simultaneously. To obtain a robust critical path with this kind of uncertainty a chance constraints programming model is used. This model is converted to a deterministic model in two stages. In the first stage, the uncertain model is converted to a model with interval parameters by alpha-cut method and distribution function concepts. In the second stage, the interval model is converted to a deterministic model by robust optimization and min-max regret criterion and ultimately a genetic algorithm with a proposed exact algorithm are applied to solve the final model. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of the solution procedure.     

基于人类视觉模型的各向异性扩散滤波方法

针对各向异性扩散模型中扩散系数的梯度阈值确定问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于人类视觉模型的各向异性扩散滤波器。首先在PM方程的基础上研究了各向异性扩散系数中梯度阈值的取值问题。根据仿生学原理,分析了韦伯比曲线,将图像根据背景亮度划分为不同的区域,分别采用不同的公式计算梯度阈值。然后讨论了改进后算法在8邻域内的离散实现问题。仿真结果表明,与传统的恒常梯度阈值扩散模型相比,改进后的算法在有效保留图像重要信息的同时对噪声的抑制效果更为理想。     

温度梯度机理下激光参数对激光成形的影响

以纯铝板和低碳钢板为主要研究对象，对温度梯度机理下激光输入功率、扫描速度、离焦量以及扫描次数等参数与成形弯曲角之间的关系进行了试验研究，深入分析了温度梯度机理下影响成形的主要因素。     

Cation Effect on the Binary and Ternary Phase Behaviors of Double-Tailed Methanesulfonate Amphiphiles

A series of symmetrical dialkyl methanesulfonate amphiphiles [DiC _n CHSO ₃ ] _m M (n = 6, 7, 8) with different counter cations (M^m+ = H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sc³⁺) were synthesized in five steps. Their solubility and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water were determined highlighting a huge effect of the chain length and the nature of the cation. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of the surfactants were assessed with the phase inversion temperature (PIT)-slope method based on the deviation from the PIT of the reference C₁₀E₄/n-octane/0.01 M NaCl_(aq) emulsion through addition of increasing amounts of the dialkyl methanesulfonates. The hydrophilicity of the surfactants was thus ranked in terms of dPIT/dx_sulfonate. A “cation” scan with the [DiC ₆ CHSO ₃ ] _m M /benzene/water systems at f_w = 0.5 was finally performed confirming the hydrophilicity ranking obtained with the PIT-slope method. It revealed that the [DiC ₆ CHSO ₃ ] ₂ Mg behaves as a “Balanced Surfactant” able to form spontaneously a three-phase microemulsion system (Winsor III) just in the presence of water and oil, in the same way as the catalytic surfactant dimethyldioctylammonium molybdate, which has the same PIT-slope.     

一种新的基于梯度方向直方图的图像配准方法*

构建了一种新的局部梯度方向直方图,同时定义了特征点的主方向,从而提出了一种具有旋转不变性的图像配准算法.首先采用高斯加权求模技术对特征点邻域内的像素的梯度作直方图统计,确定出具有旋转不变性和抗噪性的特征点主方向;然后用主方向作角度直方图统计,确定待配准图像之间的旋转角度.根据得到的特征点信息及旋转角度定义了特征点对互信息匹配准则,这样使得新配准算法对于图像间旋转角度的范围没有限制,获得了良好的配准效果.     

特低渗透油藏启动压力梯度研究

针对单相和油水两相流体启动压力梯度的产生机理和对渗流规律的影响问题,通过稳态"压差-流量"测定启动压力梯度法,分别用模拟油、地层水、注入水和蒸馏水对我国某油田119块典型特低渗岩芯进行驱替实验,得到了单相和油水两相渗流的启动压力梯度值,分析了启动压力梯度的变化规律.物理模拟和理论研究都表明,不同渗流介质测得的启动压力梯度与渗透率均成幂函数关系,并且幂指数近似为-1.同时,由于毛管力和贾敏效应作用,油水两相启动压力梯度远远大于单相渗流的启动压力梯度.结合油田实际,说明了启动压力梯度在特低渗透油气藏开发中的应用.     

Coalescence dynamics of two droplets of different viscosities in T-junction microchannel with a funnel-typed expansion chamber

The coalescence behavior of two droplets with different viscosities in the funnel-typed expansion cham-ber in T-junction microchannel was investigated experimentally and compared with droplet coalescence of the same viscosity.Four types of coalescence regimes were observed:contact non-coalescence,squeeze non-coalescence,two-droplet coalescence and pinch-off coalescence.For droplet coalescence of different viscosities,the operating range of non-coalescence becomes narrowed compared to the droplet coalescence of same viscosity,and it shrinks with increasing viscosity ratio η of two droplets,indicating that the difference in the viscosity of two droplets is conducive to coalescence,especially when 1 ＜ η＜ 6.Furthermore,the influences of viscosity ratio and droplet size on the film drainage time (Tdr) and critical capillary number (Cac) were studied systematically.It was found that the film drainage time declined with the increase of average droplet size,which abided by power-law relation with the size dif-ference and viscosity ratio of the two droplets:Tdr ～ (ld)0.25±0.04 and Tdr ～ (η)-0.1±002.For droplet coales-cence of same viscosity,the relation of critical capillary number with two-phase viscosity ratio and dimensionless droplet size is Cac =0.48λ0.26l-2.64,while for droplet coalescence of different viscosities,the scaling of critical capillary number with dimensionless average droplet size,dimensionless droplet size difference and viscosity ratio of two droplets is Cac =0.11 η-0.07ls-2.23ld0.16.     

润滑耐磨梯度材料(LGM)辊环与离子渗硫处理的轧辊

在钴基碳化钨硬质合金基体上研制了一种润滑耐磨梯度材料LGM硬质合金及制造工艺，已成功应用于高速线材轧机的辊环。通过XRD和AES分析了梯度材料中硫化物、氧化物的组成和浓度分布．介绍了经低温离子渗硫处理的冷硬铸铁及冷硬合金铸铁轧辊。实践证明，梯度材料LGM辊环与离子渗硫后的铸铁轧辊使用寿命分别提高50％和100％。分析表明LGM辊环中硫化物、氧化物在高温下具有良好的润滑耐磨性能，减少了辊环表面微裂纹产生。     

Properties and Microstructuresof Three Kinds of Silversheathed Bi-2223 Tapes

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真空压铸的发展

真空系统是压铸过程中排除气体的最有效的方法之一。然而，真空压铸的发展几经起伏，现在则发展到一个新的阶段。从模具中抽出气体是几种抽气方法中较为简便的一种。真空气道的设计与常规气道则有所不同