紫金桥软件抽油机监控数字化解决方案

通过案例画面论述基于紫金桥软件平台的油田数字化解决方案。给出项目简要需求分析问题和总体方案设计以及重要功能设计。     

镍基单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距的统计研究

采用籽晶法制备了3种[001]取向的镍基单晶高温合金。通过正方形估算法和直接测量法统计了合金不同凝固高度的一次枝晶间距。该方案消除了晶界和晶体学取向对一次枝晶间距的影响。随着凝固高度升高,3种合金的一次枝晶平均间距逐渐增大。两种统计方法的一次枝晶平均间距相近,说明两种方法的精度均较高。此外,3种合金的一次枝晶间距在较大的范围内变化,且呈正态分布。3种合金的一次枝晶间距上限是下限的5.4~8.5倍。     

民航中波NDB导航信号监测方法探讨

本文主要研究了民航无线电导航信号监测方法,结合日常监测的工作经验,以乌鲁木齐国际机场NDB导航台为例多次测试分析,详细给出了针对NDB系统导航信号进行监测的技术方法。     

四川非常规气田开发主要钻井技术及其应用效果

随着油气勘探开发难度不断加大,尤其是近年来非常规气田的开发,定向钻井成为钻井主流技术,如何有效控制钻井成本和保护环境并防止井下事故的发生成为作业者必须面对的问题。为此,自2010年以来,在荷兰皇家壳牌集团(中国)四川非常规气项目50余井次的钻井工作中,运用了旋转导向技术、新型钻井液配方、钻井液回收技术和固控配套技术,取得了快速、安全、环保的应用效果,其中DXXX井应用旋转导向钻井,实现完钻井深5 729 m,水平段长1 418 m,钻井周期105 d,同比螺杆钻水平井节约时间65 d,钻井工程创下了该区新纪录。尤其是针对不同地层特点,兼顾环保要求,成功研制和应用了新型钻井液配方、固控和钻屑处理技术,取得了较好的环保效果。结论认为,上述配套技术的应用对提高钻遇产层成功率、提高钻井速度、缩短钻井周期、控制钻井成本、获得更好的经济效益和社会效益,具有重要的保障作用。     

两种主要高强度套管的耐磨性能试验

套管磨损是深井、超深气井钻井过程中困扰作业人员的突出问题,摸清P110和V140这两种主要钢级的高强度套管的耐磨性能对于钻井设计选用套管具有重要意义。为此,采用美国摩尔技术公司的全尺寸套管磨损试验机,模拟油气田现场的钻井作业参数以及钻井液配方,开展了钻杆接头与套管内壁间低、中、高3种典型的侧向力对P110和V140钢级套管的全尺寸实物磨损试验研究,检测并对比分析了磨损套管试样在不同磨损时间段的磨损沟槽深度、沟槽宽度、磨损系数、摩擦系数以及磨损体积等参数,并对套管摩擦表面进行了扫描电镜分析,进而探讨了不同工况条件下的套管摩擦机理。结果认为:在低侧向力的情况下,两种套管的磨损情况基本相当;在中等侧向力的情况下,V140套管的磨损比P110套管严重;在高侧向力的情况下,P110套管的磨损明显要大于V140套管;随着钻杆接头与套管内壁之间接触侧向力的增加,摩擦副之间的摩擦系数增大且处于黏着磨损状态。该研究成果对于在套管柱设计中根据不同井眼曲率考虑套管的耐磨性能选用套管具有参考价值。     

钻井液的化学性能对井壁稳定性的影响研究

由于井壁垮塌、缩颈和地层破裂等井壁失稳现象所造成的卡钻憋钻、井漏井喷和钻井液大量漏失等问题会延误油气资源勘探和开发的速度,还会为石油行业带来巨大的经济损失。钻井液的化学性能会影响井壁稳定性。针对井壁失稳的类型,从钻井液所含化学物质的种类及含量,钻井液化学势,钻井液pH值三方面的化学性能对井壁稳定性的影响机理进行了研究和分析,对于解决井壁失稳问题、减少经济损失具有实际的指导意义。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Bis-quaternary-Based Surfactants as Additives for Water-Based Mud

Two series of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[N,N-dimethyl alkyl (octyl or dodecyl)ammonium] dibromide (R-s-R; s = 6, 10, 12 and R = 8 and 12) were prepared and evaluated as additives for water-based mud. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Surface activity of these compounds has been studied and their surface properties including surface tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The results showed that the prepared compounds have significant surface activity, especially those of longer hydrophobic chain length. The prepared cationic gemini surfactants were evaluated as viscosifiers and filter loss additives for water-based mud formulated from local Na-montmorillonite clay. XRD analysis was carried out to the Na-montmorillonite clay to determine the interaction of the surfactants with inter layers of the clay structure. Rheological properties, gel strength, thixotropy, filtration properties and the effect of temperature on rheological properties of the water-based mud were studied. The results indicated that the gemini surfactants have a positive effect on the rheological and filtration properties of the Na-montmorillonite clay according to American Petroleum Institute specifications.     

TC4钛合金深孔钻削方式和轴向力研究

针对钛合金钻削过程中的轴线偏斜问题,基于Abaqus对钛合金两种不同的钻削过程进行仿真,建立钻杆的有限元模型、数学模型,并将轴线的偏斜问题转化为两种不同钻削方式的轴向力大小问题。得出结论：在工件速度为180～900 r/min时,钻头与工件同时反向旋转时,轴向力随着工件速度的增大而减小。并对该方式进行工件转速为900 r/min的不同钻头转速、进给量的16组试验,结果表明：在钻头转速为900～1 800 r/min之间、进给量为0.02～0.08 mm/r时,平均轴向力减小了33.4%。因此,可以采用该钻削方式减小偏斜量。     

Dedicated drill design for reduction in burr and delamination during the drilling of composite materials

In the drilling of composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic, burrs and delamination occur during machining. This study proposed a design of a drill tool with a shape that suppresses burrs and delamination during the drilling of composite materials. The tool shape (tip, groove, land, etc.) is determined, and a nick shape that cuts off chips and reduces heat generation is adopted. A finite element analysis and an experimental evaluation involving 4600 holes were conducted. The maximum errors in the hole diameter and roundness were 15 μm and 0.016, respectively. Further, the maximum burr height was observed to be 80 μm or less, and delamination was not observed in the experiment.     

Simba采矿钻车的炮孔定位定向系统分析

采矿钻车是为回采矿石而进行钻孔作业的钻车。不同的采矿方法所要求炮孔的方向、孔径、孔深是各不相同的。根据所钻孔深的不同，我们将采矿钻车分为浅孔钻车与中深孔钻车两大类。浅孔采矿钻车所钻孔的直径一般不超过64mm．孔深不超过5～6m。国外浅孔采矿钻车一般采用万能式钻臂，和掘