Synthetic aperture radar image compression using tree-structured edge-directed orthogonal wavelet packet transform

Currently, wavelet-based coding algorithms are popular for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image compression, which is very important for reducing the cost of data storage and transmission in relatively slow channels. However, standard wavelet transform is limited by spatial isotropy of its basis functions that is not completely adapted to represent image entities like edges or textures, which means wavelet-based coding algorithms are suboptimal to image compression. In this paper, a novel tree-structured edge-directed orthogonal wavelet packet transform is proposed for SAR image compression. Inspired by the intrinsic geometric structure of images, the new transform improves the performance of standard wavelet by filtering along the regular direction first and then along the orthogonal direction with directional lifting structure. The cost function of best basis selection is designed by textural and directional information for tree-structured edge-directed orthogonal wavelet packet transform. The new transform including speckle reduction can be used to construct SAR image coder with the embedded block coding with optimal truncation for transform coefficients, and arithmetic coding for additional information. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms JPEG2000 and Fast wavelet packet (FWP), both visually and item of PSNR values.     

Directional neighbor discovery in mmWave wireless networks

The directional neighbor discovery problem, i.e., spatial rendezvous, is a fundamental problem in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks, where directional transmissions are used to overcome the high attenuation. The challenge is how to let the transmitter and the receiver beams meet in space under deafness caused by directional transmission and reception, where no control channel, prior information, and coordination are available. In this paper, we present a Hunting-based Directional Neighbor Discovery (HDND) scheme for ad hoc mmWave networks, where a node follows a unique sequence to determine its transmission or reception mode, and continuously rotates its directional beam to scan the neighborhood for other mmWave nodes. Through a rigorous analysis, we derive the conditions for ensured neighbor discovery, as well as a bound for the worst-case discovery time and the impact of sidelobes. We validate the analysis with extensive simulations and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme over several baseline schemes.     

水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免媒体接入控制协议

近年来水声网络(UAN)技术飞速发展,但仍然面临诸多严峻挑战,能量效率成为水声网络的首要考虑因素。此外,水声信道传播时延大且可用带宽受限,严重制约了水声通信技术的可靠性和有效性,进而限制了水声网络的整体性能。定向通信技术可以有效改善上述情况,通过波束聚焦能力将声波能量聚集在一定角度范围内,获得比全向通信更高的通信范围和信噪比,提升整个网络的能耗效率和空间复用率。但该技术需要对目的节点的位置具备先验知识,且会面临“聋节点”问题,因此该文提出一个水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免(FDDCA)媒体接入控制(MAC)协议,通过装备两个分别处于不同工作频带的全向换能器和定向换能器解决“聋节点”问题,并通过降低节点的冲突域解决了“暴露终端”问题。仿真结果表明,与水下Aloha(UW-Aloha)和时隙地面多址接入(S-FAMA)协议相比,FDDCA在多汇聚节点的网络拓扑下吞吐量分别提升了140%和400%,网络能效上节省了90%和94%。     

激光直接打孔技术定位方法的探讨

随着HDI印制板设计精度的日益提升及成本降低的需求,激光直接打孔技术得到日益广泛的应用。本文针对激光直接打孔技术定位方法进行探讨,通过对比传统的扫靶孔定位和直接烧靶定位的优缺点,提出了一种新的定位方法-开窗烧靶定位,并对该方法进行实验确认,得到了较好的效果。     

方向高频保护的动作行为分析：第一部分：复杂系统的复故障计算

方向高频保护高压和超高压输出电线路的主要保护方式,其动作性能对电力系统的安全运行影响甚大。     

定向断裂爆破技术在井下掘进中的试验研究

论述了西石门铁矿井下掘进定向断裂爆破技术 ,对其试验工艺、爆破参数、现场应用效果等方面进行了全面总结 ,为其它矿山井下掘进提供了宝贵经验。     

An oil import fee and drilling activity in the USA : A comment

Edward F. Renshaw's [5] recent analysis of the impact of a $5/bbl oil import fee on drilling activity in the USA is re-examined. Specifically, this comment shows: (i) the initial stimulus to the US rotary rig count of 420 new rigs would not completely disappear over the next five years, but last much longer; (ii) the initial employment impact would be more than twice as large as Renshaw suggested (39 060 rather than 18 480); and (iii) the relevant social cost per new job (excluding transfers) could be as small as $19 200, more than 80 times smaller than Renshaw's estimate of $1.6 million.     

基于神经网络算法的井下裂缝诊断与堵漏技术

在钻井过程中,常常钻遇不同宽度的井下地层裂缝。钻遇裂缝时容易发生钻井液漏失现象,甚至发生钻井液失返现象,严重影响了安全、高效钻井。目前裂缝封堵的方法常存在封堵成功率不高、堵漏承压能力低的问题,其中一个重要的原因是对井下地层的裂缝宽度等特征认识不清。基于地层裂缝产生的岩石力学机理,确定影响裂缝宽度关键的6个力学和工程因素,并利用神经网络计算的非线性、大数据特点建立了井下地层裂缝宽度的分析模型,模型包含输入层、输出层和3个隐藏层。通过该模型诊断井下裂缝宽度,提高了计算精度,平均误差仅为2.09%,最大误差为5.88%,解决钻井现场仅凭经验判断裂缝误差较大和依靠成像测井成本较高的问题。同时根据神经网络模型诊断得到的裂缝宽度优化堵漏材料的粒径配比,提高了裂缝内的架桥封堵强度和架桥的稳定性,封堵层的承压能力达到12.8 MPa,反向承压能力达到4.5 MPa。现场堵漏试验最高憋压10 MPa,经过封堵作业后大排量循环不漏,达到了裂缝性地层高效堵漏的目的,堵漏一次成功。      

川深1井钻井液关键技术

川深1井是中石化部署在川东北地区的一口超深预探井,完钻井深为8420.00 m。该井面临着井温高、地层条件复杂、地质资料少及井壁易失稳等诸多技术难点。针对高密度钻井液技术难点,通过室内实验优选出抗高温处理剂:2% SPNH、2% SMP-3、0.5% SMPFL（DSP-1）、3% SMT（SMS-H）、3% RHJ-3、1% HPA、3%纳米SiO₂。通过钻井液体系正交实验得出了流变性好、抑制性强、抗温性强、沉降稳定性好、抗污染能力强的高密度聚磺钻井液,并在该井四开井段取得了成功应用。最后,对现场应用过程中的钻井液关键技术进行了系统的阐述,如气液转换技术、特殊地层处理方法、钻井液的现场维护技术措施及保护油气层技术等,主要取得以下认识:①加重时循环混入低黏度切力的高密度钻井液,逐步降低膨润土含量;②通过固控设备严格控制固相含量;③钻遇盐膏层时可提高钻井液密度,并严格控制滤失量,保证钻井液pH值不低于10;④酸性地层可适量提高Cl-含量对钻井液进行预处理提高其抗盐性能;⑤破碎地层须提高钻井液密度并加入相应处理剂,从力化耦合角度防止井壁失稳;⑥易漏地层应严格控制钻井液密度,适当减少排量及提高黏度和切力,可加入不同粒径可酸化的封堵材料,进行屏蔽暂堵。      

海上气田压力衰竭储层长水平段安全钻井控制技术

南海西部海域东方某气田Y平台采取浅层大位移水平井模式开发莺歌海组二段浅部气藏,储层埋深在井深1300m左右,最大水平位移为3783 m,最高水垂比为2.73。该气田经过十几年的开采,储层存在一定程度压力衰竭。同时,Y平台水平段穿过断层,钻进期间漏失风险高。在前期的一些开发井作业中,储层段钻进时曾多次发生井漏等复杂情况。因此,针对以往开发难题和结合Y平台的地层特点,进一步改良屏蔽暂堵无固相钻井液体系,配套环空ECD实时监测与精细控制工艺,成功解决了该区域储层漏失难题。Y平台实施的5口井提效显著,φ215.9 mm水平井段平均机械钻速为77.27 m/h,创造了东方区域类似浅部气藏大位移水平井的作业纪录。储层保护效果好,测试产量超油藏配产25%。