Performance analysis of dual-hop fixed-gain AF relaying systems with OSTBC over Nakagami-m fading channels

In this paper, we present outage probability and symbol error rate (SER) performance analyses of a dual-hop transmission using fixed-gain amplify-and-forward relaying in flat Nakagami-m fading channels. The system under consideration is equipped with multiple antennas at source and destination adopting orthogonal space-time block coding to provide transmit diversity and maximum ratio combining to provide receive diversity, respectively. For integer and half-integer m values, closed forms of exact outage probability and moment generating function (MGF) expressions are derived through cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the overall system signal-to-noise ratio. Closed-form exact SER expressions based on the overall CDF are obtained for binary phase shift keying, binary frequency shift keying and M-ary pulse amplitude modulation. Exact SER expressions based on the MGF method are also obtained for binary differential phase shift keying, M-ary phase shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Moreover, the asymptotic diversity order analysis is performed through derivations of asymptotic outage probability and SER. Theoretical analyses are validated by Monte Carlo simulations showing perfect match between each other.     

对山东省经济发展水平区域划分的探讨

区域经济差异是经济发展过程中出现的一个普遍的问题，它直接影响着社会的安定和人民的生活水平。本文采用因子分析和聚类分析相结合的方法，结合山东省的具体情况将总体分为发达地区、相对落后地区和异常地区三类。     

舟山海德花园酒店设计简介

该文通过对舟山海德花园酒店设计的介绍,结合设计过程中所遇到值得思考的问题,探讨如何在多元化的现代建筑风格中发扬历史文化。     

同济建筑设计基础教学的创新与拓展

同济大学建筑设计基础教学部在老一辈建筑教育家的带领下,在一大批致力于基础教学的教师们的努力下,经历60载的传承、创新、发展,形成了当前同济独特的设计基础教学体系。尊重多元文化与培养平民意识、自主建构知识体系与培养批判性思维能力、重视体验感知与强化实践等观念贯穿整个基础教学,特别是教学内容和教学方法的多样性使同济建筑设计基础教学呈现出不断进取的活力。     

环境变迁对客家土楼围合形态的影响

在生态系统中,越是复杂的生存环境越是会产生种类多样的生物种群,外界环境变化会刺激变异物种的产生,物种的多样性更能适应环境的变迁。在福建山区,勤劳智慧的客家人创造了土楼这一杰出民居。复杂的山区地理环境、保有中原文化的南迁客家人、以及客家人和土著之间的战斗,同时也造就了复杂多样的土楼。该文以实际调研案例为例,展现福建土楼的围合形态的多样性。通过案例的实际调查和分析得出,土楼的围合形态不仅是多样的,还是动态的,是会随着环境变迁发生变化的。该文从经济、人口、火灾、泥石流等各具体环境变迁要素出发,试图阐明影响客家土楼围合形态多样性的原因,并说明土楼围合形态多样性的必然性。     

协同、创新——对“多规合一”的观察和思考

"多规合一"是我国处于规划转型时期编制与管理的重要工作途径。文章在梳理"多规合一"理念的发展历程的基础上,对"多规"差异性、内涵进行思考,提出多规合一主要的工作要点和难点,并分析其发展趋势为依托大数据技术而实现技术协同和机制创新。     

Biodiversity Targets as the Basis for Green Design

Mike Wells , the Director of Biodiversity by Design, and Ken Yeang outline the need for biodiversity targets in architecture to provide a more far-reaching basis for green design. Rather than just literally ‘greening’ a building by covering it with foliage, they seek to encourage designers to engage with wider ecological processes and in more specific detail. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors

Various studies have revealed anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as a very attractive alternative process suitable for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Here we investigated anammox bacteria in eight different nitrogen removal reactors. The diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria were determined by the 16S rRNA gene analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). In these reactors, at least eight unique near full length anammox 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected, which were distributed over two genera; Candidati Brocadia and Kuenenia. FISH results confirmed that only one anammox bacterium dominated the community in each of the eight reactors investigated in this study. qPCR analysis revealed that anammox bacteria were present in seven of the reactors in the order of 10⁹ cells/ml and 10⁷ cells/ml in reactor A1. The dominant and divergent Brocadia-like anammox phylotype in one reactor represented a novel species for which we propose the name Candidatus Brocadia sinica. Taken together, these results indicated that a single seeding source could be used to seed anammox reactors designed to treat different types of wastewater, which could lead to a faster start-up of bioreactors.     

空间转型和经济转型——二战后芝加哥中心区再开发

芝加哥在战后成功地实现了从传统制造业为中心向现代服务业为中心的经济转型，被认为是美国多元化城市经济的典范。本文从公共政策和城市规划的角度，对芝加哥中心区在战后50年的空间和土地利用变化进行回顾和分析，反映了中心区的复兴过程和城市的经济转型过程，并介绍了2020年芝加哥中心区规划。笔者认为，在芝加哥战后经济转型的过程中体现了城市政府对不同经济发展战略的选择，经济发展的长期目标是创造就业和提高全体居民的生活质量；在经济转型的过程中，城市规划应在土地利用、空间资源分配、社会公平和公正方面发挥作用，为多元化的经济结构创造多样化、高质量的城市空间，而不仅仅关注于物质建设领域。     

大卫·奇普菲尔德的多样性建筑设计

英国建筑师大卫·奇普菲尔德的设计作品体现出对设计对象深刻理解基础上的多样性。本文通过对他的代表性作品的描述,讨论了他在设计中对材料和细部的重视,对地方性和乡土性的把握,以及面对特殊历史文脉时的“连续性”设计策略;并分析了他在设计中所表现出来的“极少主义”以及人性化的特征。